Abstract. Ratnasari A, Jabal AR, Rahma N, Rahmi SN, Karmila M, Wahid I, 2020. The ecology of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus larvae habitat in coastal areas of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4648-4654. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are arbovirus vectors that can adapt to various environmental conditions. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution, habitat characteristics, and the correlation between the number of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae with physical factors. The larvae were collected from seven sampling locations along the coast of South Sulawesi at a distance of 100 m, 500 m, 1 km, and 2 km from the coastline. The collected samples and their water habitat were examined in the Entomology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The number of larvae was counted (3182 larvae of both kinds), and the pH and salinity of the water were measured. Data analysis was performed with IBM SPSS version 24 and spatial distribution of larvae was mapped with ArcGIS version 10.5. We found that the highest number of Ae. aegypti was at a distance of 100 m from the coastline (73.34%), while Ae. albopictus was at 500 m (34.14%). Most of the mosquitos laid their eggs on discarded boats as observed in the Kurri Caddi coast (31.2%). The observed ranges of pH, salinity, and temperature of larvae habitat were 5.5-6.4, 5-2 ppt, and 28-31°C, respectively. The total number of larvae had a significant correlation p<0.05 with the physical factors, i.e., distance from the coastline, water pH, temperature, and kind of water storages (containers). This study showed that physical factors in the coastal area significantly influenced the habitat characteristics and the abundance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae.
Abstract. Ratnasari A, Jabal AR, Syahribulan, Idris I, Rahma N, Rustam SNRN, Karmila M, Hasan H, Wahid I. 2021. Salinity tolerance of larvae Aedes aegypti inland and coastal habitats in Pasangkayu, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1203-1210. Aedes aegypti L. is the primary arboviral vector generally found in freshwater, but it is also observed in brackish water. The study analyzes habitat characteristics, larvae adaptation, and oviposition preference in salinity levels over the coastal and inland ecosystem in Pasangkayu District of West Sulawesi. The larvae were reared until adults and have larval of first progeny were examined the salinity tolerance in five salinity levels. Ovitrap-based experiments were carried out in the laboratory using adult Ae. aegypti colonies from inland and coastal areas. Eggs on filter paper (ovitrap) were identified and counted. Data were analyzed using LC50 (larvae with salinity tolerance) and Pearson correlation (correlation between the larvae phase two ecosystem factors). Total larvae observed in coastal areas and inland are 1437 and 1288, respectively. The salinity tolerance test showed that Instar IV is highly adapted to the saline environment. The larvae from the coastal (inland) area can tolerate salinity up to 13 (10) ppt. Mosquitoes can lay many eggs in 3 ppt salinity: 27.1% and 20.8% for coastal and inland colonies, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the larval instar stage of Ae. aegypti from coastal and inland ecosystems with the ability to survive at the salinity level (p < 0.01). This study is expected to be a source of information on the adaptation of Ae. aegypti mosquito to salinity in coastal and inland ecosystems. The findings can be considered in vector control efforts on brackish water habitats.
Latar Belakang: protozoa menjadi salah satu penyebab diare yang dapat menyebabkan kematian. Kasus diare menjadi penyakit terbanyak di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Tujuan: penelitian ini untuk menentukan prevalensi protozoa parasit penyebab diare di Kelurahan Antang. Metode: pengambilan sampel feses dan kuisioner dilakukan di kelurahan. Sampel feses diperiksa di Laboratorium Penyakit Tropis menggunakan metode Natif bantuan larutan lugol. Hasil: karakteristik sampel, usia terbanyak diatas 20 tahun, bekerja, terbanyak pernah mengalami diare, tidak mencuci tangan sebelum makan, minum air tidak dimasak, buang air besar lebih dari tiga kali. Spesies protozoa yang didapatkan Entamoeba hystolitica, Entamoeba coli dan Cryptosporidium parvum. Prevalensi tertinggi penyebab diare yaitu Entamoeba coli sebesar 17,14%. Kesimpulan: Tidak mencuci tangan sebelum makan dan kebiasaan meminum air tanpa dimasak dapat menyebabkan diare.
Flies as mechanical vectors of disease spread in humans. This study aimed to detect helminth eggs on the flies body surface in markets in Makassar City Market. Flies collected in sale places such as vegetables, chicken and beef, cakes, fish, and trash cans at the market. Then flies and helminth eggs were idemtificated examined in the laboratory for identification of flies and helminth eggs. Flies found throughout markets in Makassar City were Musca domestica, Calliphora spp., and Sarcophaga haemorroidalis. The highest flies number of was Calliphora spp. (n=27) at the fish sale place in Tamalate market. The greatest number of egg helminth was Taenia sp. (n=17) found on the body surface of Chrysomia sp. This study showed that most helminth eggs found on the body surface of Chrysomia sp. compared to other flies.
Latar Belakang : Dismenore primer sering terjadi pada remaja karena hormon yang dihasilkan belum stabil. Prevalensi dismenore primer pada remaja Indonesia adalah 60-75%. Aktivitas fisik adalah salah satu faktor resiko terjadinya dismenore primer. Aktivitas fisik remaja menurun setiap tahun. Tujuan : Literature review ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan dismenore primer pada remaja. Metode: Mesin pencarian data yang digunakan adalah Google Scholar, Science Direct, dan Garuda. Jurnal yang dikumpulkan adalah jurnal nasional dan internasional sejak tahun 2015-2020. Pencarian artikel penelitian ini menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Literature review ini menggunakan 15 jurnal nasional dan 8 jurnal internasional. Hasil : Jurnal yang menyatakan aktivitas fisik berhubungan dengan dismenore primer pada remaja ditemukan sebanyak 21 jurnal, sedangkan 2 jurnal menyatakan tidak berhubungan. Aktivitas fisik meningkatkan endorphin, memperlancar aliran darah kebagian genital, dan meningkatkan vasodilatasi pembuluh darah. Kesimpulan: Aktivitas fisik berhubungan dengan dismenore primer pada remaja.
Infeksi cacing parasit dapat mempengaruhi konsentrasi siswa sekolah dasar dalam menerima pelajaran di sekolah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prevalensi cacing parasit yang menginfeksi anak Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Rakumpit. Pemeriksaan keberadaan telur cacing meliputi memberikan kuisioner, pengambilan sampel feses, pengerjaan feses menggunakan metode Kato- Katz, identifikasi telur cacing. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu karakteristik anak SD yang tertinggi yaitu tidak memakai alas kaki saat bermain. Distribusi spesies cacing parasit yang ditemukan yaitu Ascaris lumbricoides, Toxocara sp., Taenia sp., dan Fasciolopsis sp. Prevalensi cacing parasitik tertinggi yaitu Ascaris lumbricoides sebesar 69,38%. Intensitas cacing paling banyak ditemukan yaitu Ascaris lumbricoides sebesar 83%. Anak Sekolah Dasar tidak memakai alas kaki pada saat bermain erat kaitannya dengan prevalensi dan intensitas cacing di Kecamatan Rakumpit.
Mosquitoes are vectors for several diseases, such as dengue fever, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, and chikungunya. This study aimed to navigate and analyze the presence of mosquito larvae in the environment of Pahandut District collected and documented from Langkai, Panarung, Pahandut, Tanjung Pinang, Pahandut Seberang, and Tumbang Rungan urban village in Pahandut Sub-District. The collected samples were examined in Biomedic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Palangka Raya University. The distribution larvae was dominated by Culex quinquefasciatus which was 20.89% in Langkai urban village, Culex quinquefasciatus was 14.24% in Panarung urban village, Aedes aegypti was 5.41% in Pahandut urban village. In Pahandut Seberang and Tumbang Rungan urban village were dominated by Aedes albopictus larvae (17.18% and 7.02% respectively). Most mosquito breeding habitats in ditches were 16.9% in Panarung urban villages. This reported the existence of mosquito breeding habitats in the environment which was significant to the abundance of mosquito larvae, and the observed conditions were thought to be the cause of the disease spread in Pahandut Sub-District.
The Tunggu Pampang Reservoir is one of the reservoirs located in the city of Makassar. The functions of the reservoir area was tourist attractions and fish farming locations so that the local community uses them for swimming, fishing, selling, and gardening. The existence of various types of freshwater snails in the reservoir has the potential to act as intermediate hosts for trematodes in animals and humans. This study aimed to analyze the type of cercariae in freshwater snails. This research is a descriptive survey to determine the distribution of trematode larvae. The stages of this research began with the snails were collected from Tunggu Pampang Reservoir, Makassar City. Freshwater snails were collected at several points in the reservoir. Freswater snail collection using hand collecting method. The snails were put into a plastic bag with different types of snails and site of collection. The collected samples and cercariae were examined in the Tropical Disease Laboratory of the Study Program of DIII Medical Laboratory Technology, Megarezky University, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Freshwater snails are placed on a petri dish and their shells were gently crushed with a stamper. Dropped with aquadest on the crushed snail shell. The next step was observed using a microscope to determine the presence of cercariae. Cercariae found then identified according to morphological classification as previously study. A total number of 500 freshwater snail were collected in Tunggu Pampang Reservoir. The results showed that overall snails infected with cercariae was 33,4%. The highest prevalence of cercariae in Indoplanorbis exustus was 94.3%. Total of Echinostoma cercariae found (n = 224) compared to furcocercous cercariae (n = 5). Cercariae of Echinostoma sp., Fasciola gigantica, Fasciolopsis buski living in Tungu Pampang Reservoir can cause diseases in humans and animals. Larval trematodes can be controlled in snails using reducing parasite contamination, monitoring surveillance, information dissemination, and preventive education.
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