Abstract. Hasidu LOAF, Jamili, Kharisma GN, Prasetya A, Maharani, Riska, Rudia LOAP, Ibrahim AF, Mubarak AA, Muhasafaat LO, Anzani L. 2020. Diversity of mollusks (bivalves and gastropods) in degraded mangrove ecosystems of Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5884-5892. Mollusks are one of the mangrove organisms whose classes are bivalves and gastropods. It plays an important role in mangrove and marine ecosystems as filter feeders, predators, and herbivores. This study aims to knows the diversity and abundance of mollusks (bivalves and gastropods) in several mangrove ecosystems in the Kolaka coastline as well as the similarity of these locations. This study was conducted in mangrove ecosystems of Induha Village, Mangolo Village, Tahoa Village, and Towua Village of Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, from July to August 2019. This is a transect method stretched along a 100 m line perpendicularly from the seaward. The size of the mollusks subplot was 1 m2 and placed along the line transect. Each line transect comprises 10 subplots. To analyze the diversity index, evenness index, and its abundance, Kaleida Graph 4.0 version was used. This research indicates that the mollusks consist of 4 families of bivalves with 6 species and 10 families of gastropods with 182 species. It also found out 23 species of mollusks scattered to each location. The molluscan species which spread in all four mangrove ecosystems were Terebralia sulcata, Nerita planospira, and Batillaria multiformis. In Induha, the mollusks species were Anadara notabilis and Drupella margariticola. Meanwhile, Saccostrea cucullata, Pirenella incisa, Clithon oualaniensis, and Clithon pulchellum were only found in Towua. The diversity index of bivalves in each location was categorized as low diversity index category, as well as gastropods were categorized as medium diversity index. The highest diversity index of gastropods was in Induha (H' = 1.96). It was supported by the good mangrove ecosystem for mollusks' habitat. The lowest diversity index of gastropods was in Towua (1.41). This research depicts that three kinds of species with high abundance rate whose rates were >1 ind/m2are located in two different locations namely; P. incisa (3.9 ind/m2) and S. cucullata (3.2 ind/m2) in Towua and followed by B. multiformis (2 ind/m2) and Isognomon ephippium (1.2 ind/m2) in Mangolo.
Daerah front merupakan salah satu proses oseanografi yang juga mempengaruhi kelimpahan dan penyebaran ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi beberapa parameter yang mempengaruhi distribusi ikan cakalang di Laut Banda, yaitu suhu permukaan laut (SPL) dan fenomena thermal front. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Februari hingga April dengan fishing base pelabuhan perikanan samudera (PPS) Kendari yang berlokasi di Laut Banda bagian barat dan fishing base bagian timur berada di pelabuhan perikanan Sorong. Data citra satelit menggunakan satelit aqua MODIS level 3 bulanan, analisis thermal front menggunakan metode cornillon dan cayula yang disempurnakan dalam tools single image edge detection (SIED) di aplikasi ArcGIS, uji regresi menggunakan R program yaitu Generalized Additive Model (GAM). Hasil identifikasi parameter oseanografi terhadap distribusi ikan cakalang: Analisis kemunculan thermal front didapatkan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produksi ikan cakalang, dimana jarak ideal penangkapan ikan cakalang berkisar antara 0 – 18 km dari lokasi fishing ground, suhu permukaan laut berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produksi penangkapan ikan cakalang. Ikan cakalang di Laut Banda cenderung menempati ruang pada kisaran suhu permukaan laut (SPL) 28° – 30°C.
: Ekosistem mangrove memiliki potensi yang cukup besar dalam menyerap emisi karbon dari atmosfer. Karbon tersebut mampu tersimpan di dalam biomassa maupun sedimen, dan dikenal sebagai blue carbon. Meskipun demikian, degradasi mangrove dapat mengganggu potensi tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas, biomassa permukaan (AGB), simpanan karbon biru vegetasi mangrove, serta kemampuan serapan karbon ekosistem mangrove yang telah mengalami degradasi di sepanjang pesisir Kabupaten Kolaka. Ekosistem mangrove di kawasan tersebut merupakan mangrove tepian (Fringe Mangrove), dan ketebalannya kurang dari 100 meter. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode transek kuadrat sejajar garis pantai. Sebanyak 5 plot berukuran 100m2 diletakkan disepanjang transek. Data yang dikoleksi di setiap plot berupa diameter batang (dbh), jenis, dan jumlah jenis. AGB diestimasi menggunakan persamaan allometrik yang telah dikembangkan oleh beberapa peneliti terdahulu. Sementara itu stok karbon diestimasi menggunakan data AGB dan konstanta karbon dari bahan organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekosistem mangrove di pesisir Kolaka tersusun atas 8 spesies mangrove. Kerapatan mangrove tertinggi berturut-turut stasiun 3 (2180 ind/ha; kategori baik), stasiun 4 (2160 ind/ha; kategori baik), stasiun 1 (1520 ind/ha; kategori baik), dan stasiun 2 (1160 ind/ha; kategori sedang). Total AGB untuk seluruh stasiun sebesar 1242,29 ton/ha dengan AGB tertinggi pada stasiun 4 (455,58 ton/ha). Total stok karbon vegetasi mangrove untuk seluruh stasiun yaitu sebesar 583,85 ton/ha, dengan stok karbon tertinggi terdapat pada stasiun 4 (214,11 ton/ha). Sementara itu, total serapan karbon untuk seluruh stasiun sebesar 1362,46 ton/ha, dengan serapan karbon tertinggi terdapat pada stasiun 4 (499,65 ton/ha). Nilai AGB berbanding lurus dengan nilai stok karbon dan serapan karbon. Mangrove ecosystem has a great potential to absorb carbon emission from atmosphere. Those carbon could be stored into the biomass as well as into the sediment, and it’s well known as blue carbon. Nevertheless, mangrove degradation could disturb those mangrove potential. The aims of this study were to knows the community structure, aboveground biomass (AGB), blue carbon stocks of mangrove vegetation, as well as the ability of carbon absorbtion of degraded mangrove ecosystem along Kolaka Coastal Line. The mangrove ecosystem at those areas was a fringe mangrove, and the mangrove thickness less than 100 meters. This study using quadratic transect method prependicular to the coastal line. 5 plots sized 100m2 were placed along transect line. The data were collected in each plot were stem diameter (dbh), species and total of species. The AGB were estimated using allometric equation that has been developed by previous researcher. Meanwhile, the carbon stock was estimated by using the AGB data and carbon constant value from organic matter. The results of this study showed that mangrove ecosystem of Kolaka coastal line constructed by 8 mangrove species. The highest mangrove density were station 3 (2180 ind/ha; good category), station 4 (2160 ind/ha; good category), station 1 (1520 ind/ha; good category), and station 2 (1160 ind/ha; medium category) respectively. The AGB total for all stations was about 1242,29 ton/ha, with the highest AGB was in the station 4 (455,58 ton/ha). The total of carbon stock of mangrove vegetation for all stations was about 583,85 ton/ha, with the highest carbon stock was in the station 4 (214,11 ton/ha). Meanwhile, the total of carbon absorbtion for all stations was about 1362,46 ton/ha, with the highest carbon absorbtion was in the station 4 (499,65 ton/ha). The AGB values has directly proportional to the carbon stock and carbon absorbtion.
This study aimed to establish an allometric model for estimation of aboveground biomass, and carbon sequestration in A. lanata mangrove forest growing in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. Research methods were done by transect and 5 quadrats with size of 100 m2 each. A total of thirteen individual trees with different sizes were harvested. While DBH and D30 were measured. The samples were separated into stems, branches, and leaves and then weighted. The sample from each fresh organs were taken and brought to the Laboratory and then oven dried at 80°C for 7 days. The allometric equations were established by using independent variables (DBH and D30), and dependent variables (Ws, Wb, Wl). The partial and overall aboveground biomasses were calculated from allometric model, while carbon stock and CO2 sequestration were estimated. The results showed that the independent variable of DBH was more applicable for estimation of Ws, Wb, Wl, and total biomasses (Mg ha-1) of A. lanata forest, which were estimated as 28.28±3.48, 6.40±0.79, 5.00±0.66, and 40.08±4.97 respectively. The carbon stock in stems (13.24±1.63 Mg ha-1) was higher than in branches (3.01±0.37 Mg C ha-1) as well as in leaves (2.35±0.31 Mg C ha-1). The total of carbon stock were estimated at about 18.83±2.33 Mg C ha-1. Meanwhile, the total of CO2 absorption by A. lanata mangrove was 43.95±5.45 Mg CO2 ha-1. Therefore a regenerated A. lanata mangrove in this in-active pond area had potentiality on carbon stock and sequestrations, although these vegetation condition was still in the growth stage.
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