Abstract. Hasidu LOAF, Jamili, Kharisma GN, Prasetya A, Maharani, Riska, Rudia LOAP, Ibrahim AF, Mubarak AA, Muhasafaat LO, Anzani L. 2020. Diversity of mollusks (bivalves and gastropods) in degraded mangrove ecosystems of Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5884-5892. Mollusks are one of the mangrove organisms whose classes are bivalves and gastropods. It plays an important role in mangrove and marine ecosystems as filter feeders, predators, and herbivores. This study aims to knows the diversity and abundance of mollusks (bivalves and gastropods) in several mangrove ecosystems in the Kolaka coastline as well as the similarity of these locations. This study was conducted in mangrove ecosystems of Induha Village, Mangolo Village, Tahoa Village, and Towua Village of Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, from July to August 2019. This is a transect method stretched along a 100 m line perpendicularly from the seaward. The size of the mollusks subplot was 1 m2 and placed along the line transect. Each line transect comprises 10 subplots. To analyze the diversity index, evenness index, and its abundance, Kaleida Graph 4.0 version was used. This research indicates that the mollusks consist of 4 families of bivalves with 6 species and 10 families of gastropods with 182 species. It also found out 23 species of mollusks scattered to each location. The molluscan species which spread in all four mangrove ecosystems were Terebralia sulcata, Nerita planospira, and Batillaria multiformis. In Induha, the mollusks species were Anadara notabilis and Drupella margariticola. Meanwhile, Saccostrea cucullata, Pirenella incisa, Clithon oualaniensis, and Clithon pulchellum were only found in Towua. The diversity index of bivalves in each location was categorized as low diversity index category, as well as gastropods were categorized as medium diversity index. The highest diversity index of gastropods was in Induha (H' = 1.96). It was supported by the good mangrove ecosystem for mollusks' habitat. The lowest diversity index of gastropods was in Towua (1.41). This research depicts that three kinds of species with high abundance rate whose rates were >1 ind/m2are located in two different locations namely; P. incisa (3.9 ind/m2) and S. cucullata (3.2 ind/m2) in Towua and followed by B. multiformis (2 ind/m2) and Isognomon ephippium (1.2 ind/m2) in Mangolo.
Studi analisis vegetasi, estimasi biomasa dan stok karbon ekosistem mangrove sangat penting dilakukan untuk menentukan kondisi ekosistem dan kemampuan ekosistem mangrove dalam menyerap karbon dan menyimpannya ke dalam biomassanya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi vegetasi mangrove, persentase tutupan vegetasi, status biomassa permukaan (AGB), serta potensi stok karbon yang tersimpan di vegetasi mangrove di pesisir Kecamatan Latambaga, Kabupaten Kolaka. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2019. Metode penelitian menggunakan transek kuadrat untuk menghitung kerapatan mangrove, selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan metode Hemispherichal Photography untuk mengukur persentase penutupan vegetasi mangrove berbasis pemisahan antara pixel langit dan pixel vegetasi. Data AGB dihitung berdasarkan data diameter batang mangrove (Diameter at Breast Heigh/DBH) dan persamaan allometrik dari setiap spesies. Data stok karbon dihitung dengan menggunakan konstanta karbon dari bahan organik dan data biomassa (AGB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, kerapatan mangrove tertinggi secara berturut-turut terdapat di stasiun 2 (5299,99 ind/ha2), stasiun 1 (3466,66 ind/ha2), dan stasiun 3 (3066,66 ind/ha2). Persentase tutupan mangrove berbasis pixel kanopi menunjukkan hasil yang sama dengan kerapatan mangrove, dimana persentase tutupan mangrove tertinggi terdapat di stasiun 2 (84,0716%), stasiun 1 (81,5368%), dan stasiun 3 (80,9978%). Ekosistem mangrove yang ada lokasi tersebut dalam kondisi baik dengan kerapatan dan persentase tutupan yang cukup tinggi. Komposisi penyusun vegetasi mangrove yang ada di Kecamatan Latambaga didominasi oleh mangrove jenis Rhizophora apiculata dan Rhizophora mucronata dengan kelas pertumbuhan sapihan (DBH < 10cm) dan tiang (DBH < 20 cm). Meskipun dalam kondisi yang baik, ekosistem mangrove di pesisir Kecamatan Latambaga mengalami ancaman alih fungsi lahan menjadi tambak. Total AGB tertinggidi stasiun 1 (226,76 ton/ha), diikuti oleh stasiun 3 (181,47 ton/ha), dan stasiun 2 (76,06 ton/ha). Stok karbon berbanding lurus dengan data AGB. Total stok karbon tertinggi juga terdapat pada stasiun 1 (106,57 ton/ha), diikuti oleh stasiun 3 (85,29 ton/ha), dan stasiun 2 (35,75 ton/ha).
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan memetakan beberapa parameter oseanografi yang sesuai untuk kegiatan budidaya lobster sistem keramba jaring apung dan menghasilkan rekomendasi berupa peta spasial kelayakan lahan budidaya lobster sistem keramba jaring apung. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2021 di perairan Kabupaten Kolaka. Pengambilan data oseanografi dilakukan pada 58 stasiun, selanjutnya melakukan spasial analisis menggunakan program Arc GIS 10. Metode menggunakan analisis interpolasi dan klasifikasi spasial, kemudian melakukan overlay data pada seluruh parameter oseanografi untuk memberikan skoring berdasarkan matriks kesesuaian, sehingga menghasilkan peta spasial kesesuaian lahan. Berdasarkan peta kesesuaian lahan, diperoleh luas lahan yang sangat sesuai untuk budidaya lobster sistem keramba jaring apung adalah 7973 ha dan cukup sesuai seluas 20090 ha, sedangkan seluas 9519 tidak sesuai untuk kegiatan budidaya lobster sistem keramba jaring apung di perairan Kabupaten Kolaka, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara.
Fauna bentik (makrozoobentos) telah dianggap sebagai salah satu kriteria untuk menilai keberhasilan program restorasi mangrove. Kajian korelasi karakteristik lingkungan terhadap makrozoobentos di kawasan reboisasi mangrove Kepulauan Seribu telah dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2014. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang diakibatkan oleh karakteristik lingkungan (parameter fisika kimia perairan) terhadap kepadatan makrozoobentosnya. Data biota makrozoobentos di kawasan reboisasi mangrove Kepulauan seribu dikumpulkan dengan membuat transek garis dan plot yang ditarik dari titik acuan (tegakan mangrove terluar) dan tegak lurus garis pantai sampai ke daratan, dimana pengamatan dilakukan di tiga stasiun (pulau). Sebanyak 6 famili dan 6 spesies makrozoobentos telah ditemukan di kawasan reboisasi mangrove Kepulauan Seribu. Komposisi dan kepadatan spesies tertingginya adalah Littoraria scabra. Karakteristik lingkungan yang diukur tidak begitu berbeda antar stasiun serta juga tidak melebihi ambang batas baku mutu. Semakin rendah konsentrasi salinitas dan DO, maka kepadatan makrozoobentosnya semakin tinggi, sedangkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi pH perairan, maka kepadatan makrozoobentosnya semakin menurun. Kemudian parameter suhu dengan kepadatan makrozoobentos tidak memiliki pengaruh.THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MAKROZOOBENTOS IN MANGROVE REFORESTATION AREA OF SERIBU ISLANDS, INDONESIA. Benthic fauna (macrozoobenthos) has been considered as one of the criteria for assessing the success of a mangrove restoration program. A correlation study of environmental characteristics of macrozoobenthos in the Seribu Islands mangrove reforestation area was carried out in March 2014. It aims to determine the effect caused by environmental characteristics (water physical-chemical parameters) on its macrozoobenthos density. Data of macrozoobenthos biota in the Seribu Islands mangrove reforestation area were collected by making line transects and plots drawn from the reference point (outermost mangrove stands) and perpendicular to the coastline to the mainland, where observations were made at three stations (islands). Six families and six macrozoobenthos species have been found in the Seribu Islands mangrove reforestation area. The composition and density of the highest species were Littoraria scabra. The measured environmental characteristics were not very different between stations and also did not exceed the quality standard threshold. The lower the salinity and DO concentration, the higher the density of macrozoobenthos, while the higher the concentration of water pH, the lower the density of macrozoobenthos. Then the temperature parameters with macrozoobenthos density had no effect.
: Ekosistem mangrove memiliki potensi yang cukup besar dalam menyerap emisi karbon dari atmosfer. Karbon tersebut mampu tersimpan di dalam biomassa maupun sedimen, dan dikenal sebagai blue carbon. Meskipun demikian, degradasi mangrove dapat mengganggu potensi tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas, biomassa permukaan (AGB), simpanan karbon biru vegetasi mangrove, serta kemampuan serapan karbon ekosistem mangrove yang telah mengalami degradasi di sepanjang pesisir Kabupaten Kolaka. Ekosistem mangrove di kawasan tersebut merupakan mangrove tepian (Fringe Mangrove), dan ketebalannya kurang dari 100 meter. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode transek kuadrat sejajar garis pantai. Sebanyak 5 plot berukuran 100m2 diletakkan disepanjang transek. Data yang dikoleksi di setiap plot berupa diameter batang (dbh), jenis, dan jumlah jenis. AGB diestimasi menggunakan persamaan allometrik yang telah dikembangkan oleh beberapa peneliti terdahulu. Sementara itu stok karbon diestimasi menggunakan data AGB dan konstanta karbon dari bahan organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekosistem mangrove di pesisir Kolaka tersusun atas 8 spesies mangrove. Kerapatan mangrove tertinggi berturut-turut stasiun 3 (2180 ind/ha; kategori baik), stasiun 4 (2160 ind/ha; kategori baik), stasiun 1 (1520 ind/ha; kategori baik), dan stasiun 2 (1160 ind/ha; kategori sedang). Total AGB untuk seluruh stasiun sebesar 1242,29 ton/ha dengan AGB tertinggi pada stasiun 4 (455,58 ton/ha). Total stok karbon vegetasi mangrove untuk seluruh stasiun yaitu sebesar 583,85 ton/ha, dengan stok karbon tertinggi terdapat pada stasiun 4 (214,11 ton/ha). Sementara itu, total serapan karbon untuk seluruh stasiun sebesar 1362,46 ton/ha, dengan serapan karbon tertinggi terdapat pada stasiun 4 (499,65 ton/ha). Nilai AGB berbanding lurus dengan nilai stok karbon dan serapan karbon. Mangrove ecosystem has a great potential to absorb carbon emission from atmosphere. Those carbon could be stored into the biomass as well as into the sediment, and it’s well known as blue carbon. Nevertheless, mangrove degradation could disturb those mangrove potential. The aims of this study were to knows the community structure, aboveground biomass (AGB), blue carbon stocks of mangrove vegetation, as well as the ability of carbon absorbtion of degraded mangrove ecosystem along Kolaka Coastal Line. The mangrove ecosystem at those areas was a fringe mangrove, and the mangrove thickness less than 100 meters. This study using quadratic transect method prependicular to the coastal line. 5 plots sized 100m2 were placed along transect line. The data were collected in each plot were stem diameter (dbh), species and total of species. The AGB were estimated using allometric equation that has been developed by previous researcher. Meanwhile, the carbon stock was estimated by using the AGB data and carbon constant value from organic matter. The results of this study showed that mangrove ecosystem of Kolaka coastal line constructed by 8 mangrove species. The highest mangrove density were station 3 (2180 ind/ha; good category), station 4 (2160 ind/ha; good category), station 1 (1520 ind/ha; good category), and station 2 (1160 ind/ha; medium category) respectively. The AGB total for all stations was about 1242,29 ton/ha, with the highest AGB was in the station 4 (455,58 ton/ha). The total of carbon stock of mangrove vegetation for all stations was about 583,85 ton/ha, with the highest carbon stock was in the station 4 (214,11 ton/ha). Meanwhile, the total of carbon absorbtion for all stations was about 1362,46 ton/ha, with the highest carbon absorbtion was in the station 4 (499,65 ton/ha). The AGB values has directly proportional to the carbon stock and carbon absorbtion.
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