Native to tropical Asia, Sesbania grandiflora (L.), Pers is a member of the Fabaceae family of flowering plants. All parts of S. grandiflora are used in traditional medicine and phytochemical investigations have been conducted on extracts of the leaves, seeds and roots of S. grandiflora to provide scientific validation of its properties. However, to date, no study has determined the phytochemical constituents of S. grandiflora stem bark. The stem bark powdered of S. grandiflora was extracted exhaustively with n-hexane, EtOAc and 90% aqueous MeOH sequentially. In this study, we successfully isolated two new 2-arylbenzofurans, sesbagrandiflorain A and B, from the EtOAc stem bark of S. grandiflora. The structure elucidation of these compounds was determined by using one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy and electrospray ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The finding expands the understanding of the natural constituents of the Fabaceae and, in particular, the Papilionoideae genera.
Occupancy information in buildings is a crucial information to enable automated load controlling resulting in significant energy savings. Unfortunately, current methods obtain occupancy data by using additional infrastructure, which can be expensive and inefficient. In this paper, we propose a method to predict room-level occupancy by utilizing only smart-meter data. Several classifiers are used to estimate room-level occupancy information. We identify the best feature set consisting of appliances energy data, appliances state, and house-level occupancy data. The features are obtained using only smart meter data along with non-intrusive load monitoring and house-level occupancy prediction. We show that the proposed methods can achieve up to 90% accuracy for room-level occupancy prediction using only smart meter data.
In the present study, endophytic fungi associated with Indonesian Sesbania grandiflora plant were isolated and identified for the first time. The objective of this study was to report new data regarding the endophytic fungi found in S. grandiflora as one of Indonesian medicinal plant. Six isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves, bark, seed, flower, and root of S. grandiflora collected from Labuhan Ratu, Kedaton, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. Based on the prediction of their morphological characteristics visually, four isolates from all parts of plant were identified as Fusarium sp, while two isolates obtained from the bark and the seed were identified as Hormiscium sp and Penicillium sp, respectively. In addition, TLC profile result of secondary metabolites extract of endophytic fungi indicated that more than one major compound was observed. Furthermore, the antibacterial screening of isolated endophytic fungi did not show inhibition growth against resistant E. coli. However, the phytopharmacological study on the isolated fungi associated with S. grandiflora as well as their biological properties are still in progress. The results of this study revealed that S. grandiflora plant is reliable source of endophytic fungi for the future investigation.
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