Bandage contact lenses are an effective alternative to treating mechanical corneal erosion because of their effect in reducing pain without causing any complications.
Background: Conjunctival goblet cells could be impaired and resulted in unstable tear film after small incision cataract surgery (SICS). The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of topical vitamin A on the conjunctival goblet cell density after SICS. Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial with pre-and postcontrol group design conducted in Bali Mandara Hospital on September 2015 until January 2016. A total of 38 patients were divided into two groups; 19 patients were given topical vitamin A and 19 patients were given placebo. Impression cytology specimen was obtained before SICS, after SICS and 4 weeks after intervention. Impression cytology was examined in Pathological Anatomy Laboratory of Sanglah General Hospital. Mean density of goblet cells before and after SICS were calculated using paired t-test. The difference of before and after intervention in each group were calculated using independent t-test. Results: Mean density of conjunctival goblet cells before SICS was 15.5 ± 13.4 cells/10 HPF and after SICS was 15.7 ± 12.7 cells/10 HPF (p = 0.938). Mean difference in conjunctival goblet cells density before and after SICS in the intervention group was 0.2 ± 11.7 cells/10 HPF and in the control group was -10.2 ± 8.1 cells/10 HPF (p = 0.003). The mean difference between the two groups was 10.4 ± 3.2 cells/10 HPF.
Conclusions:The mean difference of conjunctival goblet cells density between two groups after intervention was found to be statistically significant.
Keywords: SICS, impression cytology, topical vitamin A.Cite This Article: Handayani, A., Widhiastuti, E., Susila, N., Ekawati, N., Widiana, I., Kusumadjaja, M., Triningrat, A. 2016. Effects of topical vitamin A on conjunctival goblet cell density after small incision cataract surgery.
Introduction and Aims. Refractive errors such as miopia, hyperopia and astigmatism in teenagers are common in Asian country nowadays. Gadget usage also influence the prevalence and incidence of refractive errors specially for miopia and astigmatism. Outdoor activities have positive impact to prevent miopia. The aim of this study is to report the role of outdoor activities as unique school program that could prevent refractive errors in Junior High School in rural area of Bali
Method. This is analytic descriptive study with cross sectional approach of 231 Pekutatan II Junior High School students taken in December 2016. This school located in rural area; 35,3 km from Jembarana and 60,5 km from Denpasar, the capital city of Bali. The area of the school is about 1500 m2, where 70% of the land are still vacant to natural habitat and this school had their own garden area that being organized by the students themselves after school hours. This school do not have computer extra curriculum as well.
Result. From 231 students there were only 14 students that have refractive errors consist of 5 boys and 9 girls, mostly aged 15 years. Six students (2%) were diagnosed as myopia and 8 students (3.4%) were diagnosed as compound astigmatism myopia. The length of gadget usage in this school were 1.66 hours and outdoor activities time were 4.78 hours per day. The hereditary factors of refractive errors were noted in 12 students (5 %). Outdoor activities associated with refractive errors in this study (p = 0.03). While time using gadget does not have an association with the refractive errors (p = 0.38). Conclusion. Rural area where the outdoor activities are still common have protective effect to prevalence of refractive errors in teenager.
Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the major cause of blindness in neonates worldwide. The incidence of preterm birth in live-born infants in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in 2007 was 20.22%, and 71% of preterm babies have repaired retinopathy of prematurity.Aim: This literature review aims to determine the effects of inflammatory factors on the formation of retinopathy of prematurity, such as interleukin-6, interleukin-1, COX-2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α).Conclusion: Hopefully, the information would help construct a more comprehensive approach toward patients with ROP.Â
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