ObjectiveAngiopoietin-like protein 3(ANGPTL3) is an important regulator of lipoprotein metabolism in the fed state by inhibiting the enzyme lipoprotein lipase in oxidative tissues. However, the possible role of ANGPTL3 throughout gestation and its relationship with hormonal and biochemical variables are still unknown. The aim of this study was to determinate serum ANGPTL3 level in healthy non-pregnant women, during healthy and preeclamptic pregnancy and postpartum.MethodsSerum ANGPTL3 was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in a prospective cohort of healthy pregnant women (n = 52) and women with mild preeclampsia (n = 21), and women at three months postpartum (n = 20) and healthy non-pregnant women (n = 20). The results obtained were correlated with biochemical, hormonal and anthropometric variables and insulin resistance indices.ResultsLevels of ANGPTL3 were not different between the follicular and the luteal phases of the cycle in healthy non-pregnant women. There was a significant reduction in serum ANGPTL3 levels from the first to the third trimester in healthy pregnant women compared with healthy non-pregnant and postpartum women (p <0.01). ANGPTL3 levels do not differ significantly during the three trimesters of pregnancy neither in healthy women nor in preeclamptic women. The serum levels of ANGPTL3 in women who developed preeclampsia are not statistically different from those observed in healthy pregnant women in each trimester of pregnancy. A significant lineal positive correlation was observed between serum ANGPTL3 levels and triglyceride (P =0.0186, r =0.52), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P =0.0224, r =0.50), and total cholesterol levels (P =0.0220, r =0.50) in healthy non-pregnant women (P 0.05). Besides, there were no significant correlations between serum ANGPTL3 and body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, insulin, leptin, or HOMA-IR (P >0.05)ConclusionsWe describe for the first time the profile of ANGPTL3 throughout pregnancy and postpartum as well as and discussed about explore their potential contribution interactions with lipoprotein metabolism throughout pregnancy and postpartum. Thus, low levels of ANGPTL3 during pregnancy might favor lipid uptake in oxidative tissues as the main maternal energy source, while may helping to preserve glucose for use by the fetus and placenta.
En este artículo se presentan los hitos en la historia del descubrimiento de la progesterona y de la síntesis de las progestinas, así como la asociación entre estos desarrollos y las aplicaciones terapéuticas de los progestágenos en anticoncepción hormonal y terapia de reemplazo hormonal. También se describe la clasificación actual de los progestágenos y las perspectivas de investigación futura.
Gracias a la accesibilidad del cervix, se ha estudiado extensamente el cáncer invasivo y sus precursores con técnicas citológicas, histológicas, clínicas y de laboratorio. Hoy se acepta que la mayoría de los cánceres invasivos fueron precedidos por una etapa precursora del desarrollo que se caracteriza morfológicamente por alteraciones nucleares y citoplasmáticas que incluyen: aumento del tamaño nuclear, hipercromasia, aumento del número de mitosis (normales y anormales), alteraciones en la disposición celular (polaridad) y diferenciación citoplasmática incompleta, anormal o ausente. (1) Se han usado ampliamente los términos "Displasia" y "Carcinoma in situ (CIS)" (2) y, más recientemente, el de "Neoplasia lntraepitelial Cervical (NIC)", (3) para designar estos cambios.
La etiológía de la infertilidad tiene variaciones regionales e individuales que se reflejan en las diferencias observadas en los informes de la literatura. El análisis de las publicaciones sobre etiología y tratamiento de la infertilidad se dificulta por la aplicación de diferentes esquemas diagnósticos y terapéuticos entre los diversos centros y aún entre las parejas investigadas en un mismo centro. Otras dificultades estan determinadas por la falta de uniformidad en la forma de diseñar las investigaciones, de presentar los resultados y por tratarse de estudios que involucran dos individuos.
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