Abstract. Jamarun N, Pazla R, Arief, Jayanegara A, Yanti G. 2020. Chemical composition and rumen fermentation profile of mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina) from West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5230-5236. This study aimed to determine the potential of mangrove leaves of Avicennia marina for ruminant animal feed. Laboratory tests were carried out on A. marina with three replicates. Parameters measured were proximate and fiber contents, rumen fluid profile (pH, NH3 and VFA), digestibility of nutrients (DM, Ash, CP, CF, NDF, ADF, cellulose, and hemicellulose), macro and micro mineral contents, and phytochemical compounds. The results showed the nutritional content of A. marina were CP 13.37%; Ash 7.17%; lignin 7.34%; TDN 79%, rumen fluid profile is in reasonable condition, digestibility of food substances is more than 50%, rich in macro and micro minerals and contains phytochemical compounds such as phenols, steroids, triterpenoids, and tannins. Macro and micro minerals content of Ca 0.38%, Na 0.20%, Mg 0.20%, K 0.48%, P 0.51%, S 0.01%, Cl 1.03%, Fe 388 ppm, Zn 164 ppm, Mn 211 ppm, and Cu 128 ppm. This research concludes that A. marina is very potential to be used as a ruminant animal feed.
Abstract. Arief, Rudimansyah, Sowmen S, Rizqan RP. 2020. Milk production and quality of Etawa crossbreed dairy goat that given Tithonia diversifolia, corn waste and concentrate based palm kernel cake. Biodiversitas 21: 4004-4009. The research aims to evaluate the production and quality of goat milk of Etawa crossbreed dairy goat (ECDG) which is fed by Tithonia diversifolia (T), corn waste (CW), and concentrate-based palm kernel cake (CBP),. The experimental design used in this study was a completely random design (CRD) with four times treatment rations and five times replications. There are five treatments used in this research which are; treatment A used 60 % T + 40 % tofu-dregs; B used 60 % T + 20% tofu-dregs + 20% CBP; C used 45 % T + 15% CW + 20% tofu-dregs + 20% CBP; D used 30 % T + 30% CW + 20% tofu-dregs + 20% CBP. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for further tests. The parameters measured were milk production and milk quality, which covers dry matter, water content, protein, fat, solid non-fat, and lactose. The result showed that the treatment gave no significant effect (P> 0.05) of milk production, dry matter, protein, fat, solid non-fat, and lactose. The study concluded that the use of T. diversifolia, corn-waste, and CBP could maintain milk production quality.
Abstract. Pazla R, Jamarun N, Agustin F, Zain M, Cahyani NO. 2020. Effects of supplementation with phosphorus, calcium and manganese during oil palm frond fermentation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium on ligninase enzyme activity. Biodiversitas 21: 1833-1838. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with phosphorus (P) in combination with calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn) during oil palm frond (OPF) fermentation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium on ligninase enzyme activity and lignin degradation. This study was carried out using a randomized complete design with 3 treatments (addition of P, Ca and Mn) and 5 replicates. The following treatments were performed: T1 (P 1000 + Ca 2000 + Mn 150 ppm), T2 (P 1500 + Ca 2000 + Mn 150 ppm), and T3 (P 2000 + Ca 2000 +Mn 150 ppm). The data were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA), and differences between treatment means were tested using Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT). The parameters measured were as follows: lignin peroxidase (LiP) activity (U/mL), manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity (U/mL), crude protein (CP) content (%), crude fiber (CF) content (%) and the decrease in lignin (%). The results revealed a significant increase in LiP activity and CP content and a decrease in the lignin content (p<0.05) by the addition of P in the T3 treatment. However, the treatment nonsignificantly increased (p>0.05) MnP activity and significantly decreased (P<0.05) the CF content. In conclusion, supplementation of the OPF fermentation process with P 2000, Ca 2000, and Mn 150 ppm resulted in the highest ligninase enzyme activity and in decreased lignin content.
Abstract. Pazla R, Yanti G, Jamarun N, Arief, Elihasridas, Sucitra LS. 2021. Degradation of phytic acid from tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) leaves using Lactobacillus bulgaricus at different fermentation times. Biodiversitas 22: 4794-4798. The aim of this study is to reduce high level of phytic acid in tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) leaves by fermentation technique using Lactobacillus bulgaricus. A completely randomized design consisting of four treatments (fermentation time) i.e. T2: 2 days, T3: 3 days, T4: 4 days and T5: 5 days and experiment was performed in four replicates. The parameters measured were pH, phytase enzyme activity, total bacterial colony, phytic acid content, and phytic acid degradation. The results showed that the fermentation time had a significant effect (P<0.05) on pH, phytase enzyme activity, total bacterial colony, phytic acid content, and phytic acid degradation. The conclusion of this study is that on fifth day (Treatment T5) fermented tithonia leaves produced the lowest levels of phytic acid (3.48 mg/ 100g) with the highest level of degradation (64.81%).
Fermented sugarcane shoots are used as energy sources, and fermented tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) as a forage protein source in Kacang goat rations. Avocado waste to optimize rumen bioprocessing. This research aimed to obtain good performance from Kacang goats through appropriate ration formulation based on fermented forage (sugarcane shoots and tithonia) with avocado waste. This formulation is expected to minimize the use of concentrate in the ration. This study used 16 male Kacang goats aged one year, which consisted of four groups based on body weight. The concentrate consists of rice bran, corn, palm kernel cake, salt, and minerals. The treatments were as follows: T0= 35% fermented sugarcane shoots (FSS) + 5% fermented tithonia (FT) + 0% avocado waste (AW) + 60% concentrate, T1= 35% FSS + 9.5% FT + 0.5% AW + 55% concentrate, T2= 35% FSS + 14 % FT + 1% AW + 50% concentrate, T3= 35% FSS + 18.5% FT + 1.5% AW + 45% concentrate. The parameters measured included feed consumption (dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein), nutrient digestibility (dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein), and production performance (body weight gain and feed efficiency). The result showed that the difference in ration composition had a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, and production performance. This study concluded that the combination of 35% fermented sugarcane shoots +14% fermented tithonia + 1% avocado waste (AW) +50% concentrate resulted in the best feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, and production performance of Kacang goat.
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