Parental involvement in inclusive school is crucial for the development of children with special needs. Thus, the present study observed an inclusive primary school in Denpasar to identify the types of parental involvement in the school, the school's programs to involve parents, and the challenges faced by the teachers in involving parents in their children's education. Following Miles' and Huberman's (1994) model of Interactive Qualitative Data Analysis combined with Epstein's et al. (2002) types of parental involvement at school, the present study revealed that 1) all the six types of parental involvement’s in Epstein’s model were identified with an average of moderate frequency; 2) Seven programs were designed to involve the parents, namely, parenting seminar, class conference, WhatsApp Group discussion, Guest teacher, interactive project, field trip, and collaboration with English-speaking community; 3) there were moderate challenges in involving parents in communicating with the schools, in decision making, and in enrolling the parents in the school activities. This implies that there should be more deliberate effort from the parents in inclusive schools to be more involved in their children’s education, while schools should relentlessly initiate and inspire more intensive parental involvements in the schools’ program.
BACKGROUND:The existence of persons with trans-genders orientation (waria) is undeniable. Usually trans-genders are at risk for sexual transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS do to their sexual behavior. This study aimed to describe health related sexual behavior among persons with trans-gender orientation in Singaraja, Bali. SUBJECT AND METHODS:This was a qualitative study conducted in Singaraja, Bali. The data was obtained from the trans-genders by in-depth interview and observation. RESULTS: The trans-genders participated actively in social event and campaign related to HIV/AIDS prevention and control. However, they had high-risk sexual behavior, such as doing oral sex, anal sex, and squeeze sex. Only 80% used condoms during sexual intercourse. The trans-genders rarely checked up for reproductive health provided by the District Health Office in Singaraja, Bali. They were reluctant to be examined by female doctors. CONCLUCION:The trans-genders in Singaraja, Bali, still have high-risk sexual behavior. The rarely use reproduction health services provided by the government, among others because they are not comfortable to be examine by female doctors.
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