RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da mesa gravitacional na qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de lotes de sementes de feijão-miúdo (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). Após a limpeza, sementes de quatro genótipos (Amendoim, Baio, Mosqueado e Preto) foram beneficiadas em mesa de gravidade com descarga dividida em três frações: superior, intemediária e inferior. Admitiu-se como extremidade inferior, a situada no ponto mais baixo da descarga quando considerada a inclinação lateral da mesa e, como superior, a oposta. Avaliou-se a qualidade fisiológica das sementes através dos testes de germinação e vigor (envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade elétrica e teste de frio). Para avaliação da qualidade sanitária utilizou-se o método do papel filtro em gerbox (Blotter-test). Observou-se que a separação das sementes através da mesa gravitacional proporciona alterações positivas na qualidade fisiológica e sanitária dos lotes de sementes de feijão-miúdo para todos os genótipos avaliados, justificando-se assim, sua utilização no beneficiamento de sementes de feijão-miúdo.Termos para indexação: Beneficiamento, Vigna unguiculata, qualidade de sementes. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SANITARY QUALITY OF CAWPEA SEEDS PROCESSED IN GRAVITY TABLEABSTRACT -the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the gravitational table in the sanitary and physiological quality in seeds lots of (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). After the cleanness, seeds of four genotypes (Peanut, Bay, Mosqueado and Preto) had been submitted to the action of the gravity table with discharge divided in three fractions: superior, intermediate and inferior. It is admitted himself as inferior extremity, the situated one in the lowest point of the discharge when considered the lateral inclination of the table and, as superior, the opposing one. Physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated by germination test and vigor (accelerated aging, electric conductivity and cold test). For evaluation of the sanitary quality the blotter test was used. It was observed that the separation of the seeds through the gravitational table provided positive alterations in the physiological and sanitary quality of the lots of beans-small seeds for all the evaluated genotypes, justifying her use in the improvement of seeds of beans-small. INTRODUÇÃOO feijão-miúdo (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) é uma leguminosa anual de clima subtropical e tropical que se apresenta distribuída praticamente em todo planeta (Araújo e Nunes, 1983).De origem africana, foi introduzida no Brasil pelo estado da Bahia, encontrando boas condições para sua adaptação na região nordeste. Mais tarde foi introduzido no estado de São Paulo por imigrantes norte-americanos. Sua dispersão no Brasil deu-se também através de importantes migrações como a dos colonos nordestinos para a região norte do Brasil (Bevitori et al, 1992).
Zinc deficiency is a global problem of considerable importance for agriculture and human health. Under zinc deficiency conditions, many essential zinc-dependent physiological functions are unable to operate normally, and the cellular homeostasis is adversely affected. This paper described the potential damages that low-zinc bioavailability in soil can have for plants, humans, and animals. In addition, current knowledge on physiological and molecular aspects of zinc homeostasis in plants and strategies used to increase zinc deficiency tolerance were discussed.
Members of the basic leucine zipper family, as bZIP19, are considered to be essential regulators of the adaptation to zinc deficiency. Knowing that this gene as well as its targets are conserved in the plant kingdom, we followed an in silico approach to identify and characterize the bzip19 gene in cereals. Through BLASTp in Phytozome database, 33 bzip19 genes were identified on the genomes of Oryza sativa, Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays, Glycine max, Triticum aestivum, and Brachypodium distachyon. The analysis of conserved motifs and bZIP domains was performed using MEME and PFAM databases. In 25 of these genes, CysHis-motifs at the basic N-terminal region were found. This motif is conserved in group bZIP and suggested to play a role as a Zn-sensor. Regarding their phylogeny, it was possible to infer orthologous groups and explore the evolutionary relationship between these BZIP19 proteins. Data mining allowed us to select eight putative orthologous whose expression profile was analyzed under stress conditions in the Genevestigator platform. The comparison between the expression profiles of these eight putative orthologous and the original Arabidopsis bzip19 also seems to indicate conserved transcriptional regulation. Thus, considering that modified expression of bZIP19 genes has already been confirmed as an efficient tool to improve Arabidopsis tolerance to Zn deficiency, and that these new bZIP orthologous have a high level of conservation when compared to the original bZIP19 sequence, they can be useful for the development of tolerant crops enabling plants to grow in areas of low zinc bioavailability.
Brazil is the largest citrus producer in the world, being responsible for more than 20% of its production, which is, however still low due to phytosanitary issues such as citrus blight. Citrus blight is an anomaly whose causes still have not yet been determined, therefore there are no efficient control measures to minimize the production losses with the use of resistant varieties being considered the most appropriate method. However, little is known about the genes involved in the defense response of the plants to this anomaly. Considering that many physiological alterations associated with plant stress responses are controlled at a transcriptional level, in this study we sought the identification and characterization of the gene expression products differentially expressed in the response to the citrus blight. Through the suppressive subtractive hybridization technique, expressed cDNA libraries were built using mRNAs isolated from "Cravo" lemon tree roots (Citrus limonia L. Osbeck) under "Pera" orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) of healthy and sick plants. 129 clones were obtained by subtraction and their sequences were compared in databases. 34 of them linked to proteins associated to stress processes, while the others were similar to sequences of unknown functions or did not present similarity with sequences deposited in the databases. 3 genes were selected and their expressions were studied by RT -qPCR in real-time. Plants with citrus blight presented an increase of the expression level in two of those genes, suggesting that these can be directly involved with this anomaly.Index terms: Differential gene expression, subtractive hybridization, RT-qPCR. RESUMOO Brasil é o maior produtor de citros do mundo, sendo responsável por mais de 20% de sua produção. No entanto, a produção ainda é baixa, em decorrência de problemas fitossanitários, como o Declínio do Citros que é uma anomalia cuja causa ainda não foi determinada e, consequentemente, não existem medidas de controle para minimizar as perdas na produção. O uso de variedades resistentes é considerado como a medida de controle mais adequada. Contudo, pouco se conhece sobre os genes envolvidos na resposta de defesa das plantas a essa anomalia. Considerando que muitas alterações fisiológicas associadas com respostas a estresses em plantas são controladas em nível transcripcional, neste estudo objetivou-se a identificação e caracterização dos produtos de expressão gênica diferencialmente expressos na resposta ao Declínio dos Citros. Por meio da técnica de hibridação subtrativa supressiva, bibliotecas de cDNAs expressos foram construídas utilizando mRNAs isolados de raízes de limoeiro "Cravo" (Citrus limonia L. Osbeck) sob laranja "Pera" (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) de plantas sadias e doentes. Cento e vinte e nove clones foram obtidos por subtração e suas sequências foram comparadas em bancos de dados. Trinta e quatro delas relacionaram-se a proteínas associadas a processos de estresses, enquanto as outras foram similares a sequências de funções desconheci...
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