In the work, the carrying of realizing three problems in the manufacture of brick products, namely, energy saving, water saving, and processing of large-scale waste (ecological problem), are considered. Four types of bricks have been obtained and investigated: red clay, red clay-milled cullet mixture, red clay-milled basalt (tezontle) mixture, and red clay-milled glass-milled tezontle mixture. To form the semi-finished products, water or wet waste of activated sludge were added to the dry mixtures. It is established that the presence of low-melting glass into double and triple compositions reduces the sintering temperature of ceramic products down to 900-1000 °C and sintering time to 8-12 h while maintaining good strength properties of ceramics. This means that the energy-saving technology is provided. The use of waste activated sludge (biowaste) with high water content allows us to exclude the introduction of water into dry mixtures at the stage of molding. This means that the water-saving technology is achieved. The introduction of a different content of burnt out bio waste contributes to the formation of brick products of different porosity. Variations on mixtures compositions and sintering modes make possible to synthesize ceramics of different applications: as a stone products, bricks for external and internal walls, porous bricks, and a filtering ceramics.

High-whiteness kaolinite mining reserves are scarce. In some locations, it is necessary to remove material to access them (adding to the cost). Therefore, processes have been developed to eliminate contaminants, such as iron, and provide alternatives to the used contaminated materials that, after being treated, meet quality criteria. In our previous research, we developed an electrochemical process for kaolin whitening at the laboratory level and bench scale, demonstrating the reaction mechanisms that occur during the removal of iron from kaolin. However, the geometry used at the laboratory level does not present the most suitable position for the electrodes. Therefore, in the present study, we focused on the geometry and the function of the electrodes. This is necessary during the escalation process to reach the pilot-scale level. The study was carried out using computer-aided engineering in the COMSOL Multiphysics computer program and by analysing the distribution of the electric potential and the electric current of the geometries considered while performing the scaling. The results indicated that the change in the anode position from perpendicular to parallel to the discs improved the distribution of electric current density on the cathode surface and so increased the elimination of iron through electrochemical deposition. Similarly, to reduce the amount of material used in the construction of the reactor, the anode-size effect was analysed, revealing that relatively small anodes improved the distribution of electric current density over the entire surface of the electrode and not only at the edges.

Se lleva a cabo una caracterización de 7 metales con superficie rugosa para evaluar su desempeño en una solución con pH 7, siendo que se busca uno o más sustratos para la recuperación de metales disueltos en efluentes; con dos beneficios, uno: el uso de los metales recuperados y dos: disminuir el impacto que estos tienen en el medio ambiente. Las pruebas en esta solución mostraron que la polarización por activación no presenta cambios drásticos en la superficie del material, presentan una buena respuesta ya que no tienen una variabilidad representativa. Tomando en cuenta que se utilizarán para recuperación de materiales metálicos en solución, las mejores opciones son el acero A316, Fe y Ti, este último tomando en cuenta del pH en la solución a tratar.

Se obtiene un material cerámico poroso para la adsorción de iones metálicos en soluciones acuosas, este material es elaborado con los desechos de una cocina doméstica, llevándolos a una carbonización controlada a 600 °C, este proceso es caracterizado por dejar la presencia de enlaces de carbono libres que permiten la adsorción de los iones metálicos en el material. El material cerámico poroso elaborado puede utilizarse para la adsorción de algunos metales pesados en soluciones acuosas contaminadas principalmente Pb y Se, ya que es selectivo con estos iones, sin descartar la adsorción de otros metales.