Geometry optimization of an electrochemical reactor for bleaching kaolin

Abstract

High-whiteness kaolinite mining reserves are scarce. In some locations, it is necessary to remove material to access them (adding to the cost). Therefore, processes have been developed to eliminate contaminants, such as iron, and provide alternatives to the used contaminated materials that, after being treated, meet quality criteria. In our previous research, we developed an electrochemical process for kaolin whitening at the laboratory level and bench scale, demonstrating the reaction mechanisms that occur during the removal of iron from kaolin. However, the geometry used at the laboratory level does not present the most suitable position for the electrodes. Therefore, in the present study, we focused on the geometry and the function of the electrodes. This is necessary during the escalation process to reach the pilot-scale level. The study was carried out using computer-aided engineering in the COMSOL Multiphysics computer program and by analysing the distribution of the electric potential and the electric current of the geometries considered while performing the scaling. The results indicated that the change in the anode position from perpendicular to parallel to the discs improved the distribution of electric current density on the cathode surface and so increased the elimination of iron through electrochemical deposition. Similarly, to reduce the amount of material used in the construction of the reactor, the anode-size effect was analysed, revealing that relatively small anodes improved the distribution of electric current density over the entire surface of the electrode and not only at the edges.

Acidophilic heterotrophs: basic aspects and technological applications

“…The presence of iron impurities negatively affects the price of kaolin, bauxite, and silica due to color and other properties adversely affected. For example, main methods of kaolin bleaching comprises flocculation with polymers, chemical solubilization, extraction, and washing (Cobos-Murcia et al, 2022). Despite iron-reducing microorganisms can also be used for this purpose (Hosseini and Ahmadi, 2015;Yong et al, 2022), few studies report the utilization of heterotrophic acidophiles for kaolin bleaching (Kupka et al, 2007).…”

Método de mejora progresista en planta purificadora de arcillas caoliníticas

“…Este trabajo estudiará la dinámica y cinética mecánica y electroquímica para determinar las condiciones que influyen en la limpieza del caolín. La selección del dispositivo más eficiente para un proceso electroquímico puede ser compleja debido a la variedad de reactores que se pueden modificar para encontrar las condiciones óptimas de operación (Cobos-Murcia et al, 2023). Se deben considerar variables como la concentración de disoluciones, su interacción con el electrodo, el potencial de corriente, el tiempo, la facilidad de eliminación de los depósitos y la vida útil del reactor.…”