The design and synthesis of spirocycles is a challenging task because it involves the creation of a quaternary center, which itself is considered to be one of the most difficult tasks among synthetic transformations. Some recent approaches based on metathesis, cycloaddition and transition-metal-mediated transformations to spirocycles are described here.

One aryl or two? The title reaction predominantly gives monoarylation products with various amounts of diarylation product being observed in almost all cases (see scheme). Aryl iodides as well as aryl bromides were reactive under the optimized reaction conditions. The multiple nitrogen atoms in the purine, and oxygen atoms in the saccharide posed no problems in these transformations.

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