Authors. 2018. Molecular phylogeny of trees species in Tripa Peat Swamp Forest, Aceh, Indonesia inferred by 5.8S nucleargen. Biodiversitas 19: 1186-1193. Tripa peat swamp forest is protected areas that have high biodiversity. Nevertheless, in some areas,the damage occurred due to conversions of land function to oil palm plantations. The impact of conversions of peat swamp forest to oilpalm plantations has led to biodiversity decreased. Hence, it is important to identify the remain tree species in Tripa peat swamp forest.This study aimed to determine of trees species diversity in Tripa peat swamp forest by using of 5.8S rRNA nuclear gene. Research wasconducted at Forest Genetics and Molecular Forestry Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, IPB from September 2015 to August 2016.Molecular identification consisted of DNA extraction, PCR analysis, and sequencing. The data were analyzed using Bioedit, MEGA 6,BLAST, and ITS2 database. Molecular identification using ITS 1 and ITS 4 primer successfully amplified (the ITS region ITS1-5.8SITS2)of 16 trees species from 9 families. BLAST analysis results indicate the presence of 16 species has similar bases sequence withthe GeneBank DNA database. The plant species are Branckenridgea palustris (Ochnaceae), Gonystylus sp. (Thymelaeaceae),Tristaniopsis whiteana (Myrtaceae), Syzygium sp.1 (Myrtaceae), Macaranga triloba (Euphorbiaceae), Syzygium garciniifolium(Myrtaceae), Knema intermedia (Myristicaceae), Palaquium ridleyi (Sapotaceae), Palaquium sp. (Sapotaceae), Dyera lowii(Apocynaceae), Elaeocarpus petiolatus (Elaeocarpaceae), Ficus sp. (Moraceae), Syzygium leptostemon (Myrtaceae), Chilocarpussuaveolens (Apocynaceae), Alstonia pneumatophora (Apocynaceae), and Alstonia sp. (Apocynaceae). Phylogeny tree reconstructionusing the Neighbor-Joining Method (NJ) showed that 5.8S rRNA nuclear gene was successful as marker for 16 trees species from 9different families. In addition, the 5.8S also successful for resolving phylogenetic relationships at genus level i.e. Alstonia, Palaquium,Syzygium, Tristaniopsis, Macaranga, Elaeocarpus, and Ficus.
The economic development of a country depends on sustainable energy sources that meet basic human needs. Government policy on energy conservation is an effort to maintain the stability of energy security that affects the economic development of a country. Southeast Asia is experiencing rapid economic growth and development, combined with population growth and urbanization, as well as increased access to basic services. This study aimed to determine the seven key factors considered that shape energy in Southeast Asia. Based on the panel data model, it showed that energy demand in the ASEAN region greatly influences GDP per capita; demographics and urbanization; air quality, climate risk, and environmental degradation; energy accessibility, affordability, and security; investment and financial ; as well as energy policies, prices, and regulations.
The development of renewable energy sources continues in the ASEAN region to meet the ASEAN energy mix target of 23% in 2025 and 31% in 2050. This is to meet the region's estimated 50% increase in energy demand. Renewable energy development projects in the ASEAN region have a beneficial effect on the ASEAN community's social life. This research is a review of the literature, examining journals on the socioeconomic benefits of NRE development through the lens of ASEAN member countries. Several conclusions can be drawn from the analysis's findings, including the following: (1) this renewable energy project can alleviate poverty by involving community members in utilizing natural resources to build power plants; (2) the creation of new jobs; (3) gross domestic product (GDP) is projected to increase by 2.5 percent in 2050; (4) the establishment of gender equality for women in the use of energy for regional development; and (5) an increase in education and scholastic achievement. The ASEAN region
Energy is vital to Indonesia's economy, acting as a source of consumption and production across many industries. Sustainable development approaches should be employed to maximise energy use for the common good. A literature study on biomass as renewable energy (RE) in ASEAN and Indonesia. ASEAN countries want to reach 23% renewable energy by 2025, according to the meeting's outcome. The ASEAN Government slashed fuel subsidies and fossil fuels and increased regional market integration and project execution speed to attain the 23% renewable energy objective by 2025. Indonesia’s renewable energy sources are many. Indonesia’s renewable energy development is not as advanced as other countries’. In 2017, the country added 9 GW of renewable energy capacity. Indonesia produce 146.7 million tonnes of biomass in 2019, or 470 GJ/year. Indonesia has a lot of biomass energy potential, so it should keep producing/using renewable energy as much as feasible for society, and its management should follow sustainable development principles.
The Tripa peat swamp forest is located on the west coast of Aceh province and falls administratively under the two districts of Nagan Raya and Aceh Barat Daya. Tripa peat swamp forest has a high diversity of plants. The previous research discovered that Myrtaceae is one of the dominant families in the forest. This study aimed to predict phylogenetic relationships among trees species within families Myrtaceae that live in the Tripa peat swamp forest using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). The research was conducted at Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Molecular Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, IPB from June 2015 to December 2016. The methods were conducted with an experimental laboratory of molecular identification consisting of DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing. Data was analyze using BioEdit, Clustal X, Mega 6, and BLAST. The morphology identification reported that there were four trees species within families Myrtaceae, i.e., Syzygium sp 1, Syzygium garciniifolium, Syzygium leptostemon and Tristaniopsis whiteana. Reconstruction of phylogenetic tree using the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method 1000x showed that the ITS region was successfully to predict phylogenetic relationships within genus Syzygium and Tristaniopsis.Keywords: tripa peat swamp forest, tree species, phylogenetic, myrtaceae, internal transcribed spacer
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