The overconsumption of fructose, which is an important component of the current human diet, particularly as soft drinks, may participate to the high prevalence of metabolic disorders (Hannou et al., 2018).Several metabolic disorders including metabolic syndrome, obesity and type 2 diabetes may lead to impaired male fertility (Maresch et al., 2018). The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling is involved in the regulation of the several male reproductive processes including spermatogenesis, progression of germ cell and apoptosis (Li et al., 2009;. MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) have modulatory roles on several tight junction molecules in the epididymis, thus controlling paracellular permeability of the epi-
Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a tumor that commonly occurs in genital and extragenital sites of both genders. Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1) retrotransposon has a pivotal role in allogenic transfection among uncontrolled dog populations. This study aimed to perform pathomorphological, immunohistochemical, and in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) evaluation of CTVT (n = 18) in transfected dogs during chemotherapy. Immunohistochemically, tumor phases were investigated by using specific markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD79, and transforming growth factor beta [TGF-β]), and investigated an amplified specific sequence of TVT LINE-1 retrotransposon by in situ PCR. Polyhedral-shaped neoplastic cells that had large, round, hypo/hyperchromatic nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm were detected. All marker results were positive, especially in the early weeks of recovery. CD4 and TGF-β markers were conspicuously positive at the initial stage. In situ PCR LINE-1 sequence was initially positive in only four cases. It is believed that the CD and TGF-β markers provide phase identification at tumor initiation and during chemotherapy. It is thought that presence of T and B lymphocytes, which have roles in cellular and humoral immunity, is needed so that regression of the tumor is possible.
A 2-year-old multiparous (Case 1) and a 2.5-year-old nulliparous (Case 2) Djungarian hamster each presented with a history of a prolapsed mass from the vulva. A partial uterine prolapse was diagnosed in both cases, according to the clinical and diagnostic examinations. The prolapsed mass was replaced in each hamster, and an ovariohysterectomy was performed. The histopathological examination of the removed tissues revealed a cyst and papillary hyperplasia in the ovary. This first case report, to our knowledge, demonstrates the possibility of a uterine prolapse with a cyst and papillary hyperplasia in the ovary and how to surgically manage this condition. The report could also contribute to having a better understanding of the occurrence of a uterine prolapse without parturition in hamsters.
A carcinosarcoma is a tumor composed of cells morphologically resembling both malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components. An 11-year-old, female, mixed-breed terrier was referred to the clinic with complaints of anorexia, vomiting and exercise intolerance. Clinically, tumoral masses were seen in the mammary glands. During necropsy, multilobulated calcified masses were observed in several visceral organs (the liver, kidneys, lungs, small intestines, lymph nodes and thyroid) and both right and left (3rd and 4th) mammary glands. Immunohistochemically, Thyroglobulin, SMA, TTF-1, S100, CD34, and p53 were negative in both epithelial and mesenchymal areas, however, Ki-67 showed high proliferation, especially in the mesenchymal areas. While the positivity of vimentin expression was high in the mesenchymal component of the tumor, the positivity of cytokeratin (CK7 and CK19) expressions was high in the epithelial component of the tumor. In the case of a carcinosarcoma, there is a probability that not only the carcinomatous part, but also the sarcomatous part will metastasize. Despite being uncommon, canine carcinosarcomas should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of mixed mammary tumors, if they include both components. There have not been many previous studies dealing with the metastasis of a mammary carcinosarcoma in dogs as an aggressive tumor. Therefore, we consider this report a worthy contribution and have defined the multiple organ metastasis of a mammary carcinosarcoma.
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