Background: Many etiologies result in development of effusions in the serous cavities. Of these pleural, peritoneal, pericardial fluids and cerebrospinal fluid are the most common. Cytologic study is done to diagnose disease ranging from benign (infective and inflammation) to malignant effusion 1 . Setting and Study Design: Pleural, peritoneal, and cerebrospinal fluid were included and others were excluded. In this study the significance of fluid cytology in the diagnosis of various neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions in the cytology section was carried out. Materials and Methods: All samples received in the Department of Pathology -pleural fluid, ascitic fluid and CSF were evaluated. Gross Examination of fluids was done for total Volume, Colour and Clarity. Biochemical test correlation of fluid Adenosine De-Aminase (ADA) levels was done wherever necessary. Diagnosis was done by consultants who were posted in cytopathology section. Results: In this prospective study from August 2015-2017, total 146 cases were studied of which 65 cases were of ascitic fluid, 41 of pleural fluid and 40 cases of CSF. Of these 146 cases, benign cases were 134 (91.78%), malignant effusion 9(6.16%) and suspicious of malignancy were 3 (2.05%). Among 146 study cases, 136 (93%) cases were having similar cytomorphological pattern (singly scattered), other 10 cases showed various patterns such as 3-dimensional clusters, sheets, etc. Conclusion: Body fluid examination with correlation of various parameters like thorough clinical history and examination, different serum marker levels, primary malignancy if present and previous cytological diagnosis are very useful for the final diagnosis. all the body fluids CSF examination with exfoliated malignant cells have worst prognosis. Cytologic examination of pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial effusions helps in diagnosing inflammatory conditions of the serous membranes, parasitic infestations,

Introduction: Skin biopsy probably is the most important ancillary aid to confirm clinical diagnosis. The interpretation of many skin biopsies requires the identification and integration of two different morphological features -the tissue reaction pattern and the pattern of inflammation. Aim: To correlate histopathological diagnosis with clinical diagnosis in various non neoplastic skin lesions. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective and observational type of study. A total number of 197 participants were included after satisfying the eligibility criteria with due permission from Department of Dermatology. Only those patients who had given valid informed consent were included in the study. Results: Out of 197 biopsies studied, histopathological diagnosis in 167 biopsies (84.8%) was consistent with clinical diagnosis, while in 30 biopsies (15.2%) histopathological diagnosis was not consistent with clinical diagnosis. Conclusion: Out of 197 cases (M=111, F=86) biopsies studied, histopathological diagnosis was consistent with clinical diagnosis in 167 biopsies (84.8%), while in 30 biopsies (15.2%) the histopathological diagnosis was not consistent with clinical diagnosis. The skin biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis which can be supported with other techniques to confirm the diagnosis. This emphasizes the significance of histopathology in diagnosing non neoplastic skin disorders.

Introduction: Bone marrow examination is an important investigation in haematology which involves Bone Marrow Aspiration (BMA), Bone Marrow Imprint (BMI) and Bone Marrow Biopsy (BMB). Aim: Correlation of findings of bone marrow aspiration and imprint smears with biopsy in hematological disorders. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective study to correlate bone marrow examination findings by BMA, BMI and BMB of 111 patients in which bone marrow biopsy was done and correlated with aspirate and imprint smears. For aspiration Salah's needle and for biopsy Jamshidi needle were used. Correlation of hematological and histopathological findings was done. Results: Megaloblastic anaemia was the commonest diagnosis followed by acute leukemia, nutritional anaemia, chronic leukemia, multiple myeloma, leukemia/ lymphoma syndrome, and essential thrombocythemia. In case of dry aspirate or diluted marrow biopsy was useful to diagnose aplastic anemia, and secondary myelofibrosis associated with acute and chronic leukemia, multiple myeloma, leukemia/lymphoma syndrome and myelomonocytic leukemia. Aspirate and imprint smears were better for cellular morphology. Conclusion: Aspiration and imprint smears give better morphological details/cytologic diagnosis. In dry tap or diluted marrow, biopsy was more helpful in identifying architectural pattern, cellularity and fibrosis whereas imprint smears were more helpful for cellular morphology. BMA, BMI and BMB are complimentary to each other.

Novel corona virus is a new strain of corona virus family, caused by SARS-CoV-2, probably of bat origin, not previously identified in humans. The time between entry of virus in body and start of first symptoms is the incubation period of the disease. For COVID-19 the incubation period is from two days to fourteen days. COVID-19 disease spreads through small droplets from nose and mouth. Spread is also through skin contacts and even through air while speaking. Blood is an integral part of the healthcare system. During the COVID-19 pandemic blood transfusion services were affected worldwide. The blood transfusion service had to face many challenges also in India. Voluntary blood donation was decreased which is the main source of blood and blood components. In lockdown, problems of transport services, less staff, fear of getting infected all these factors affected the blood donation services. This pandemic has influenced the blood donation activities causing shortage of blood and blood components and thus affected the blood inventory. Hence the blood services had to make appropriate plans to meet the requirements of patients.

Background: Lymph node aspiration is of great value for diagnosis of lymphadenitis, lymphomas and metastatic carcinoma. FNAC is a simple, minimally invasive investigative procedure, producing speedy result and is inexpensive with low complication rate Objectives: To study and classify various lymphadenitis using FNAC. Results and Conclusion: Majority of study participants [186(97.89%)] had localized lymphadenopathy and 4(2.11%) had generalized lymphadenopathy. Most commmonsite involved was cervical lymph nodes. 147 (77.64%) lesions were non-neoplastic while 43 (22.36%) were neoplastic; most of them being metastatic. Tubercular lymphadenitis was diagnosed on cytology in 45 cases.