Background: Pregnancy though physiological and uneventful can be associated with major maternal morbidity with
Introduction: Acute poisoning is one of the common cause of emergency visits and hospital admissions and is a potentially preventable cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. The objectives of this study were to identify the common type of poisoning in children, to determine types of poisoning according to age and to find out the the common age group in which the incidence of poisoning was high. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive observational study done in a teaching hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal in patients aged 1 month to 18 years who visited the emergency department and were admitted to hospital with history of alleged poisoning from Results: Fifty patients were included. Drugs, kerosene and organophosphorus were most common cause of poisoning. Drugs and kerosene below 10 years of age and organophosphorus and drugs above 10 years of age were common types of poisoning. Maximum numbers (50%) of children with poisoning cases were below five year of age. Mean duration of hospital stay was 2.1 days and mean age of poisoning was 7.8 years with a male (54%) predominance. Majority of poisoning occurred at home (84%) and 68% of patients were symptomatic at presentation to hospital with 84% of patients presenting to hospital within six hours. Conclusion: This study showed that drugs, kerosene and organophosphorus were most common forms of poisoning. While young children were most vulnerable for acute poisoning.
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder defined as glucose intolerance with the onset or fi rst recognition during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with higher incidence of maternal diabetes mellitus later in life. It poses a risk to the pregnant woman and to the fetus. Hence, it is imperative for an early detection and management of the disease to ensure better maternal and foetal outcomes. Objective: To assess the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and to analyze the maternal and perinatal outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus patients who delivered in the hospital during the study period. Methods: A hospital based descriptive observational study was conducted at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital for a period of one year from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2013. All the cases of gestational diabetes mellitus were included in the study. Patients were followed from the time of admission to the time of discharge after delivery. Pertinent information obtained were demography, gestational age at diagnosis and delivery, pregnancy complications, intervention and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Results: Out of 2845 deliveries, 45 patients were diagnosed as gestational diabetes mellitus and admitted during the period of study. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus was 1.58% in this hospital. The most common maternal and neonatal complications were gestational hypertension (20%), hypoglycemia (8.89%) and macrosomia (8.89%) respectively. Conclusion: This study is important in providing information about the maternal and neonatal outcomes of gestational diabetes. By proper monitoring and good glycaemic control during the antenatal period, the adverse maternal and neonatal complications of gestational diabetes mellitus can also be reduced.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v3i3.12246Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 3, No. 3, Issue 9, Jul.-Sep., 2014, Page: 107-112
A 49-year-old, perimenopausal nulliparous woman with lower abdominal pain and abnormal uterine bleeding. Clinical and radiological findings suggested a right adnexal tumor. CA-125 level was moderately elevated. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was done. Peroperative findings revealed a soft to friable growth arising from right fallopian tube with no involvement of ovaries. Histopathologic examination confirmed it to be a high grade serous carcinoma, FIGO stage IA. The histomorphology resembled high grade serous carcinoma of ovary, however ovaries on both sides appeared unremarkable. Surgery was uneventful and the patient was discharged after seven days of hospital stay. She did not receive postoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy and is under follow-up. The case is reported for its occurrence in an uncommon anatomic site and preoperative dilemma with relevant review of literature.
Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common presenting complaint in the perimenopausal age group. Endometrial biopsy obtained by dilatation and curettage is the preferred modality of investigation to determine the causative pathology of abnormal uterine bleeding. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of the benign histopathological findings in perimenopausal women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients between 1st June 2020 to 30th September 2021. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College (reference number: 305202002). Using the convenience sampling method, 96 cases of endometrial biopsies were studied under light microscopy. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version23.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among the 96 specimens, the prevalence of benign findings was 93 (96.9%) (93-100 at 95% Confidence Interval). Among them, the commonest benign histopathologic spectrum was hormonal imbalance pattern in 40 (41.7%) followed by normal menstrual pattern 35 (36.5%). Five (5.2%) cases showed chronic endometritis. Six (6.2%) cases of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia were identified. Three (3.1%) cases showed endometrial atrophy. Four (4.1%) cases showed endometrial polyp. Conclusions: The prevalence of benign histopathological findings among endometrial biopsies in the study was similar to other studies.
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