Presently, in vivo methods to efficiently and broadly transduce all major cell types throughout both the central (CNS) and peripheral adult nervous system (PNS) are lacking. In this study, we hypothesized that during early fetal development neural cell populations, including neural stem cells (NSCs), may be accessible for gene transfer via the open neural groove. To test this hypothesis, we injected lentiviral vectors encoding a green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker gene into the murine amniotic cavity at embryonic day 8. This method (i) efficiently and stably transduced the entire nervous system for at least 80% of the lifespan of the mice, (ii) transduced all major neural cell types, and (iii) transduced adult NSCs of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zones (SGZs). This simple approach has broad applications for the study of gene function in nervous system development and adult NSCs and may have future clinical applications for treatment of genetic disorders of the nervous system.

Efficient gene transfer to muscle stem cells (satellite cells) has not been achieved despite broad transduction of skeletal muscle by systemically administered adeno-associated virus serotype 2/9 (AAV-9) in mice. We hypothesized that cellular migration during fetal development would make satellite cells accessible for gene transfer following in utero intravascular injection. We injected AAV-9 encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker gene into the vascular space of mice ranging in ages from post-coital day 12 (E12) to postnatal day 1 (P1). Satellite cell transduction was examined using: immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy, satellite cell migration assay, myofiber isolation and FACS analysis. GFP positive myofibers were detected in all mature skeletal muscle groups and up to 100% of the myofibers were transduced. We saw gestational variation in cardiac and skeletal muscle expression. E16 injection resulted in 27.7 ± 10.0% expression in satellite cells, which coincides with the timing of satellite cell migration, and poor satellite cell expression before and after satellite cell migration (E12 and P1). Our results demonstrate that efficient gene expression is achieved in differentiated myofibers and satellite cells after injection of AAV-9 in utero. These findings support the potential of prenatal gene transfer for muscle based treatment strategies.

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We employ an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based technique to develop a pipeline for automated segregation of stars from the galaxies to be observed by Tel-Aviv University Ultra-Violet Experiment (TAUVEX). We use synthetic spectra of stars from UVBLUE library and selected International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) low resolution spectra for galaxies in the ultraviolet (UV) region from 1250 to 3220Å as the training set and IUE low-resolution spectra for both the stars and the galaxies as the test set. All the data sets have been pre-processed to get band integrated fluxes so as to mimic the observations of the TAUVEX UV imager. We also perform the ANN based segregation scheme using the full length spectral features (which will also be useful for the ASTROSAT mission). Our results suggest that, in the case of the non-availability of full spectral features, the limited band integrated features can be used to segregate the two classes of objects; although the band data classification is less accurate than the full spectral data classification.

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In order to develop a pipeline for automated classification of stars to be observed by the Tel‐Aviv University Ultra‐Violet Experiment (TAUVEX) ultraviolet space telescope, we employ an artificial neural network (ANN) technique for classifying stars by using synthetic spectra in the ultraviolet (UV) region from 1250 to 3220 Å as the training set and International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) low‐resolution spectra as the test set. Both the data sets have been pre‐processed to mimic the observations of the TAUVEX UV imager. We have successfully classified 229 stars from the IUE low‐resolution catalogue to within three to four spectral subclass using two different simulated training spectra, the TAUVEX spectra of 286 spectral types and UVBLUE (http://www.inaoep.mx/~modelos/uvblue/uvblue.html) spectra of 277 spectral types. Further, we have also been able to obtain the colour excess [i.e. E(B−V) in magnitude units] or the interstellar reddening for those IUE spectra which have known reddening to an accuracy of better than 0.1 mag. It has been shown that even with the limitation of data from just photometric bands, ANNs have not only classified the stars, but also provided satisfactory estimates for interstellar extinction. The ANN based classification scheme has been successfully tested on the simulated TAUVEX data pipeline. It is expected that the same technique can be employed for data validation in the UV from the virtual observatories. Finally, the interstellar extinction estimated by applying the ANNs on the TAUVEX data base would provide an extensive extinction map for our Galaxy and which could in turn be modelled for the dust distribution in the Galaxy.

Aeromanas salmonicida from human blood (Tewari et al., 2014). Case ReportA 12-year-old Muslim female child, visited medicine Out Patient Department (OPD), at AIIMS, Jodhpur in December 2015 with complaints of off and on low grade fever, pain abdomen associated with weakness and malaise for last 20 days. There was no history of chills and rigor, sore throat, diarrhea, urinary discomfort, any other

This paper deals with the problem of analysing the change over design in the presence of a first order autoregressive process for the error terms. Method of maximum likelihood has been adopted for estimating direct and first order residual effects of the treatments. A test criterion based on likelihood ratio test has been suggested for testing the autocorrelation coefficient and also the direct and first order residual effects in the presence of the autocorrelation. The conditions derived from obtaining a change over design balanced for both direct and residual effects show that a change over design balanced in the absence of autocorrelation is not necessarily balanced in the presence of autocorrelation. Patterson's (1952) series of change over designs for v=4t+3, p=½(v+1) and n=2v is an example for this.