Determination of antifungal minimum inhibitory concentration and its clinical correlation among treatment failure cases of dermatophytosis

Maurya, Vinod K; Kachhwaha, Dileep; Bora, Archana; Khatri, Prabhat Kiran; Rathore, Laxmi

doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_483_19

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…On the other hand, MIC of fluconazole for dermatophyte and fusarium is markedly higher comparative to itraconazole and ketoconazole. Higher MIC values for fluconazole have also been reported by some authors previously 18 and indicating higher chances of treatment failure when treated with this drug. Itraconazole and ketoconazole had lower MIC for of dermatophytes and fusarium comparing to fluconazole which indicates that these drugs could be the better option for successful treatment of these infections than fluconazole.…”

Section: Vol 22 2021supporting

confidence: 71%

“…Itraconazole and ketoconazole had lower MIC for of dermatophytes and fusarium comparing to fluconazole which indicates that these drugs could be the better option for successful treatment of these infections than fluconazole. Many studies on dermatophytes have reported similar findings with itraconazole and ketoconazole 18 . According to these results among these three Azoles, itraconazole is a better choice for successful treatment of dermatophytes, fusarium and candida infection.…”

Section: Vol 22 2021supporting

confidence: 60%

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Clinical and microbiological pattern of intertrigo

Wickramanayake,

Sigera,

Jayasekera

et al. 2021

tsljd

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Background: Intertrigo is a common disorder affecting many flexural areas of the body with significant morbidity. Objectives: To determine the clinical pattern of intertrigo. To determine bacterial and fungal pathogens associated with intertrigo. To assess the antibacterial and antifungal sensitivity pattern of the responsible organisms. Methods: A total number of 230 patients with intertrigo attending dermatology unit were included in the study after ethical clearance. Laboratory investigations were done to identify the etiologic agent and their sensitivity pattern. Results: Majority of patients (75%) belonged to 20-60 years of age. Male to female ratio was 1.15:1. Remarkable proportion (52%) presented with the involvement of more than one intertriginous area. The most common site involved was toe web space (63%) in particular 4th toe web space. Of all positive bacterial cultures 45% revealed Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA+MRSA) followed by CNSA (Coagulase negative Staphylococcal aureus), diptheroids and pseudomonas. The majority of MSSA (Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus) isolates (91%) were sensitive to cloxacillin and MRSA (Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) to teicoplanin (85%). CNSA isolates showed considerable proportion of sensitivity to vancomycin (37%) and majority of diptheroids isolates were sensitive to penicillin(87%). All isolates (100%) of pseudomonas were sensitive to gentamicin. Of all positive fungal cultures, candida species constituted the majority (35%) followed by fusarium species (33%) and dermatophytes (30%). Overall fusarium species shows high value of MIC50 and MIC90 for itraconazole, fluconazole and ketoconazole. Fluconazole showed very high MIC50 and MIC90 (256 ug/ml) for dermatophytes and fusarium species whereas itraconazole and ketoconazole showed lower MIC for these fungi. Conclusion: Intertrigo can affect various intertriginous areas, among which toe web space is the most common region involved. Intertrigo can be caused by a variety of organisms: Staphylococcus aureus and candida species constituted the majority of cases. Majority of MSSA sensitive to cloxacillin and MRSA to teicoplanin. MIC of itraconazole, fluconazole and ketoconazole are high in fusarium species comparing to candida and dermatophytes. However, itraconazole and ketoconazole had lower MIC than dermatophytes and fusarium comparing to fluconazole.

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Section: Vol 22 2021supporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Vol 22 2021supporting

confidence: 60%

Clinical and microbiological pattern of intertrigo

Wickramanayake,

Sigera,

Jayasekera

et al. 2021

tsljd

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…According to NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) recommendations for filamentous fungi (M38-A2), two-fold broth dilution techniques were employed to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration. M. gypseum culture, which was 21 days old, was used to prepare the inoculum, and spore suspension with 0.1 to 1.8 × 10 5 CFU/mL was developed for MIC [12].…”

Section: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (Mic)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Compounds from Balanites aegyptiaca against Squalene Epoxidase of Micropsorum gypseum—In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Abuthakir,

Hemamalini,

Alahmadi

et al. 2023

Microbiology Research

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Microsporum gypseum is a dermatophyte with a geophilic nature that is found all over the globe. It mainly causes tinea in the scalp, arms, and legs in humans. Squalene epoxidase (SE) is a crucial enzyme in M. gypseum for the biosynthesis of ergosterol. The medicinal plant Balanites aegyptiaca is an abundant supply of secondary constituents with great therapeutic values. In this research, the fruit epicarp portion was used to inhibit M. gypseum using experimental and computational techniques. The anti-dermatophytic activity of epicarp extracts on M. gypseum was evaluated using the poison plate method at five different concentrations. At 3 mg/mL, the M. gypseum was completely controlled by the fractioned chloroform extract of epicarp. The compounds from previous research were utilized for docking studies (Abuthakir et al., 2022). The ideal compounds and the drug terbinafine were then docked using Schrödinger’s Glide module. It demonstrates that (3E)-7-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-3-octen-1-yl-6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside outperforms other substances and the drug terbinafine in docking analysis. Desmond, Schrödinger Molecular Dynamics simulations were also performed for (3E)-7-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-3-octen-1-yl-6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside-squalene epoxidase complexes. The complex appears to be more stable, according to the MD simulation research. This study indicates that (3E)-7-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-3-octen-1-yl-6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside could be used as a potential inhibitor of M. gypseum growth, and it could be studied further.

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“…However, their efficacy is limited, and increased azole resistance has been reported in Trichophyton and other clinically relevant molds (10). Combining antifungal compounds with second drug or non-drug agents can overcome resistance mechanisms, prevent further resistance acquisition, and provide a broader spectrum of coverage against fungal pathogens (11), and using drug synergy to improve the activity of azoles specifically is an increasingly popular approach (12, 13). Bisphosphonates are FDA-approved drugs primarily used in the treatment of low-bone density disorders like osteoporosis, that inhibit farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase (FPPS) in both humans and fungi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisphosphonates synergistically enhance the antifungal activity of azoles in dermatophytes and other pathogenic molds

Kane,

Rothwell,

Guttentag

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Superficial infections of the skin, hair and nails by fungal dermatophytes are the most prevalent of human mycoses, and many infections are refractory to treatment. As current treatment options are limited, recent research has explored drug synergy with azoles for dermatophytoses. Bisphosphonates, which are approved to treat osteoporosis, can synergistically enhance the activity of azoles in diverse yeast pathogens but their activity has not been explored in dermatophytes or other molds. Market bisphosphonates risedronate, alendronate and zoledronate (ZOL) were evaluated for antifungal efficacy and synergy with three azole antifungals: fluconazole (FLC), itraconazole (ITR), and ketoconazole (KET). ZOL was the most active bisphosphonate tested, displaying moderate activity against nine dermatophyte species (MIC range 64–256 µg/mL), and was synergistic with KET in 88.9% of these species. ZOL was also able to synergistically improve the anti-biofilm activity of KET and combining KET and ZOL prevented the development of antifungal resistance. Rescue assays in Trichophyton rubrum revealed that the inhibitory effects of ZOL alone and in combination with KET were due to the inhibition of squalene synthesis. Fluorescence microscopy using membrane- and ROS-sensitive probes demonstrated that ZOL and KET:ZOL compromised membrane structure and induced oxidative stress. Antifungal activity and synergy between bisphosphonates and azoles were also observed in other clinically relevant molds, including species of Aspergillus and Mucor. These findings indicate that repurposing bisphosphonates as antifungals is a promising strategy for revitalising certain azoles as topical antifungals, and that this combination could be fast-tracked for investigation in clinical trials.

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Determination of antifungal minimum inhibitory concentration and its clinical correlation among treatment failure cases of dermatophytosis

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Clinical and microbiological pattern of intertrigo

Clinical and microbiological pattern of intertrigo

Evaluation of Compounds from Balanites aegyptiaca against Squalene Epoxidase of Micropsorum gypseum—In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Bisphosphonates synergistically enhance the antifungal activity of azoles in dermatophytes and other pathogenic molds

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