Majority of supratrigonal VVF can be approached vaginally with success rate comparable to abdominal approach.
Introduction: Uterine rupture is an obstetrics emergency having major maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.Case report: Here we report a rare case of rupture of posterior wall of uterus especially in primigravida. An unbooked case of 32 years old primigravida with 9 months of gestation without any high risk factors, presented with lower abdominal pain at tertiary centre of Jharkhand. On evaluation, we found uterine rupture in posterior wall of uterus extending from fundus to the left lateral wall of the uterus during labour. Hysterectomy and tube ligation were planned but patient and family members refused to give consent for that. Afterwards, uterine repair was done and patient was strictly advised not to plan next pregnancy and follow contraceptive advices. Conclusion:Uterine rupture in primigravida can occur with devastating consequences and low socioeconomic status with poor antenatal care may be an independent risk factor.
Domestic violence is a preventable global public health and human rights issue which affects millions of women regardless of age, economic status, race, religion, ethnicity, or educational background worldwide. Women who suffer violence undergo lifelong trauma in the form of physical injury, multiple health problems and even death. Although, women of all age group may experience intimate partner violence (IPV), but it is most common in women of reproductive age and contributes to gynaecological disorders, pregnancy complications, unintended pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Because of its increasing prevalence, adverse effect on women and child, in recent year more attention is focused on intimate partner violence in pregnancy. Health care providers mainly obstetrician-gynaecologists are in a unique position who can help the women by assessing , diagnosing and providing support for women who experience IPV because of the nature of the patient-physician relationship and the many opportunities of contact for intervention that occur during the course of pregnancy, family planning, annual examinations and other women's health visits. This study reviews the prevalence of violence in pregnancy, risk factor associated with it and its consequences on pregnancy and baby and various strategies for its diagnosis and prevention. This is most prevalent in developing country ranging between 4% to 29% and worldwide between 1% and 70%, in the form of physical, sexual or psychological violence.[] In reviewing the main risk factors for violence in pregnancy are low socioeconomic condition, low education of both partner, unplanned pregnancy, nuclear family etc., all leading to low birth weight. Intimate partner violence screening and counselling should be a core part of women's preventive health visits according to United states, department of Health and Human Services. Screening should be done for all women for IPV at regular intervals periodic intervals, like during obstetric care (at the first prenatal visit, at least once per trimester, and at the postpartum check-up) and , provides support, and review available prevention and referral options time to time . In many communities various resoursces are available to assist women who experience IPV. The vulnerability of violence in pregnancy and its consequences are major public health issue and call for design and implementation of better preventive strategies.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious and contagious disease caused by various strains of Mycobacterium and the foremost leading cause of death of animal and human population worldwide. Currently available conventional and modern diagnostic techniques are useful but they are neither rapid nor cost effective for early and accurate diagnosis, represents a cornerstone to eradicate TB worldwide by 2030. To overcome this awful situation an innovative strategy i.e. nanotechnology is helpful for early diagnosis of tuberculosis in short time with increased sensitivity and specificity through nano sized biomolecular interaction viz. enhanced visualization of fluorescent signals, visual colorimetric signals of amplified DNA product, nanofluidic technology, nuclear magnetic resonance technology (NMR) and prototype miniaturized device etc. Nanotechnology has introduced new paradigms for molecular diagnostics. However, some constraints of nanodiagnostic tool still there that make obstacle in its worldwide diagnostic use for TB.
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