In this green synthesis, zeolite (Y‐H) appears to be an intriguing choice for obtaining a high yield with a shorter reaction time. In addition, we have synthesized N‐aryl‐(4‐benzylidene‐5‐oxo‐2‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)‐3‐phenoxybenzamides (4a‐i), which will be proved to be potent antimicrobial agents. The title compounds were tested against Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative, and fungal strains using the Mueller–Hinton Broth technique. N‐(4‐benzylidene‐5‐oxo‐2‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)‐3‐phenoxybenzamide (4a) (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 25 μg/mL, S. pyogenes) and N‐(4‐[4‐fluorobenzylidene]‐5‐oxo‐2‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)‐3‐phenoxybenzamide (4f) (MIC = 100 μg/mL, C. albicans, A. niger, A. clavatus) were the most effective against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria as well as fungal strains. To understand the mechanism of action of synthesized compounds, molecular docking experiments were performed against S. aureus tyrosyl‐tRNA synthetase and C. albicans sterol 14‐α demethylase.

As a pharmacologically important heterocycle, oxadiazole paved the way to combat the problem associated with the confluence of many commercially available drugs with different pharmacological profiles. The present review focuses on the potential applications of five-membered heterocyclic oxadiazole derivatives, especially 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, and 1,3,4-oxadiazole, as therapeutic agents. Designing new hybrid molecules containing the oxadiazole moiety is a better solution for the development of new drug molecules. The designed molecules may accumulate a biological profile better than those of the drugs currently available on the market. The present review will guide the way for researchers in the field of medicinal chemistry to design new biologically active molecules based on the oxadiazole nucleus. Antitubercular, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antibacterial, and anticancer activities of various oxadiazoles have been reviewed extensively here.

Microbial resistance is a major problem faced by the scientific community. It has created an urgent need to develop antimicrobial agents with novel structures and mechanisms of action. With this aim, a series of novel 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles bearing 3,4‐dihydropyrimidine heterocyclic motifs 4a–l were designed and synthesized. One‐pot Biginelli synthesis is pivotal due to the use of readily available chemicals, shorter reaction time, and ecofriendly synthesis with a good yield. The structures of the synthesized molecules were characterized and confirmed by infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopic techniques. The title compounds were screened against Gram‐positive and ‐negative strains of bacteria and fungi using the Mueller–Hinton broth method. Compound 4d was found to be the most promising against Escherichia coli (12.5 µg/ml), whereas the same compound showed good activity against Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 50 µg/ml. Other compounds of the same series, 4c and 4h, displayed moderate activity against Streptococcus pyogenes at a concentration of 50 µg/ml. Furthermore, results of the antifungal activity tests revealed that compound 4i showed promising activity against all the strains of fungi, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus clavatus, at concentrations of 100, 50, and 100 µg/ml, respectively. Molecular docking also showed that these compounds had a significant binding affinity (Glide docking score: −7.74 to −6.531) for DNA gyrase, engaging in a series of bonded and nonbonded interactions with residues lining the active site. The results of molecular docking study validated the experimental findings, thereby providing an initiation mark to optimize this motif using a structure‐based drug design approach.

No abstract

No abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to mankind. Many frontline medications are ineffective against antimicrobial-resistant strains which are also responsible for the high mortality rate worldwide. The emergence to create new sets of antimicrobial agents is a priority in present circumstances. In continuation to this, we have strategically designed and synthesized some novel hybrids of 4-thiazolidinone bearing coumarin and pyridine cores for the evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy against microbial pathogens. A three-step multicomponent reaction was performed via imine formation, cyclization, and Michael condensation for the synthesis of titled compounds (5a-o). The synthesized compounds were characterized by various analytical techniques i.e., IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectra. On evaluating the potency of our synthesized hybrids, we received some promising results. Compound 5m was found to be the most active with a MIC value of 50 µg/mL against S. aureus and 250 µg/mL against C. albicans strains. Further, a molecular docking study against microbial DNA gyrase was carried out to understand the binding profile of synthesized molecules, support their in-vitro antimicrobial activity and gain an insight into their plausible mechanism of action. Their binding affinity scores correlated well with the in-vitro antimicrobial activities while their binding modes proposed the involvement of steric, electrostatic, and hydrogen bonding interactions with the active site.

Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to mankind. Many frontline medications are ineffective against antimicrobial-resistant strains which are also responsible for the high mortality rate worldwide. The urgency to create new sets of antimicrobial agents is a priority in present circumstances. In continuation to this, we have strategically designed and synthesized some novel hybrids of 4-thiazolidinone bearing coumarin and pyridine cores for the evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy. A three-step multicomponent reaction was performed via imine formation, cyclization, and Knoevenagel condensation for the synthesis of titled compounds (5a-o). The synthesized entities were characterized through different analytical techniques, that is, IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and mass spectra. On evaluating the potency of our synthesized hybrids, we received some promising results. Compound 5m was identified as the most potent component possessing 50 μg/ml (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] value) against S. aureus and 250 μg/ml (MIC value) against C. albicans strains. Further, a molecular docking study against microbial DNA gyrase was carried out to understand the binding profile of synthesized molecules, which supported their in-vitro antimicrobial activity. These data helped to gain an insight into their plausible mechanism of action. Their binding affinity scores correlated well with the in-vitro antimicrobial activities while their binding modes proposed the involvement of steric, electrostatic, and hydrogen-bonding interactions with the active site.

No abstract