Cancer is a deadly
disease that has long plagued humans and has
become more prevalent in recent years. The common treatment modalities
for this disease have always faced many problems and complications,
and this has led to the discovery of strategies for cancer diagnosis
and treatment. The use of magnetic nanoparticles in the past two decades
has had a significant impact on this. One of the objectives of the
present study is to introduce the special properties of these nanoparticles
and how they are structured to load and transport drugs to tumors.
In this study, iron oxide (Fe
3
O
4
) nanoparticles
with 6 nm sizes were coated with hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG)
and folic acid (FA). The functionalized nanoparticles (10–20
nm) were less likely to aggregate compared to non-functionalized nanoparticles.
HPG@Fe
3
O
4
and FA@HPG@Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles were compared in drug loading procedures with curcumin.
HPG@Fe
3
O
4
and FA@HPG@Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles’ maximal drug-loading capacities were determined
to be 82 and 88%, respectively. HeLa cells and mouse L929 fibroblasts
treated with nanoparticles took up more FA@HPG@Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles than HPG@Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles.
The FA@HPG@Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles produced in the
current investigation have potential as anticancer drug delivery systems.
For the purpose of diagnosis, incubation of HeLa cells with nanoparticles
decreased MRI signal enhancement’s percentage and the largest
alteration was observed after incubation with FA@HPG@Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a rare tumor that mostly involves adults aged 50 to 70. The most common anatomic location is the lower extremities. MFH of the retroperitoneum usually manifests late in its course and may be initially mistaken with other more common diagnosis. Here, the authors describe a 60-year-old man that was brought to the emergency department with a chief complaint of periumbilical abdominal pain. Our patient presented with symptoms consistent with a symptomatic aortic aneurysm, but a mass was encountered during surgery. In such circumstances the diagnosis of malignant sarcoma must be kept in mind and attempts at full resection with tumor-free margins are necessary.
Introduction
The biology of colorectal cancer (CRC) is remained to be elucidated. Numerous genetic and epigenetic modifications are in concert to create and progress CRC. DNA methylation as a principal epigenetic factor has gained increased attention and could be utilized for biological studies. This study aims to find novel methylated and downregulated genes with a focus on HAND2 in CRC and decipher the biological consequences.
Material and method
Data on DNA methylation from GEO and SMART databases and the expression GEPIA2 database were downloaded. Afterward, a set of hypermethylated and downregulated genes in CRC was chosen by overlapping genes. Consequently, HAND2 was selected as a key gene for further investigation and confirmed with cell lines methylation and expression data. The functions of HAND2 were further analyzed using gene ontology analyses and the protein–protein interaction network.
Results
The methylation (p < 0.01) and expression (p < 0.01) of HAND2 are significantly varied in CRC compared to normal control. The correlation analysis (Pearson's correlation coefficient = -0.44, p = 6.6e-14) conveys that HAND2 significantly downregulated and has a reverse correlation with the methylation status of CpG islands. The biological process analysis of HAND2 target genes conveyed that disruption in HAND2 expression could dysregulate ERK1 and ERK2 signaling pathways.
Conclusion
Together, the findings showed that DNA hypermethylation of HAND2 was critical evidence in CRC. Further validation and prospective studies are needed to utilize HAND2 methylation as a promising biomarker.
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