Coopetition (collaboration between competing firms) is a phenomenon that has recently captured a great deal of attention due to its increasing relevance to business practice. However, current research on coopetition is still short on explaining how the potential advantages of coopetition can be realized over time as part of an individual firm's business model. In order to gain insights into this, we conduct a longitudinal, in-depth case study on the coopetition-based business models of Amazon.com. We find evidence of three distinct coopetition-based business models: (1) Amazon Marketplace, (2) Amazon Services and Web Services, and (3) the collaboration between Apple and Amazon on digital text platforms. We conclude by forwarding several propositions on how value can be created and captured by involving competitors in a firm's business model. As a whole, the results contribute to the current understanding of how firmsas well as their stakeholderscan better benefit from coopetition.

This study develops a typology of coopetition in value networks, wherein a distinction is made based on two factors. Firstly, whether coopetition takes place inside a particular value network (i.e., intra-value network coopetition) or between value networks (i.e., inter-value network coopetition); and secondly, whether the nature of collaboration is focused on value leveraging or value co-creation. We present empirical examples from the global ICT sector (Amazon Services, Amazon Marketplace, AIM Alliance, and Windows Mobile Community) to illustrate the four categories identified in the typology. Each example is graphically represented using a modelling framework in order to aid the understanding of various organisational and network structures that can accommodate coopetition as a complex inter-organisational relationship. We suggest that the developed typology and modelling methodology can help researchers and practitioners to better grasp and communicate the role and benefits as well as the network and organisational structures of coopetition within and between value networks.

Abstract. The promise of service orientation is that it enables an organization to prosper by delivering continuous value to customers. This prosperity is of strategic value to the organization. There is value in service orientation for both the organization and its customers. We call these two values, customer value and strategic value. When designing a service it is necessary to align both value propositions with the service building blocks. We propose to use a systemic method where whole and composite reasoning are interleaved on both the organizational and functional dimensions. We begin by producing an as-is model that describes how customer value is delivered by a set of actors and the responsibility of each actor. Improvement opportunities are identified in terms of customer value and strategic value to the organization. A to-be model is built that specifies the new interaction between actors and their new responsibilities. The method is illustrated with an example.

Abstract. This paper explores the contribution of systems modeling to the design and analysis of viability in service systems. We apply a modeling framework called SEAM (Systemic Enterprise Architecture Method) to gain an understanding of how a service system maintains its identity and remains viable in its environment. SEAM embodies theoretical insights from systems science and organizational cybernetics, in particular the viable system model of Stafford Beer. We illustrate the applicability of the framework by modeling the design of viability in a service system.

Abstract. In this paper, we introduce a problem structuring method (PSM)