Background: The adoption of a healthy lifestyle, including physical activity, a healthy diet, moderate alcohol consumption and abstinence from smoking, is associated with a major decrease in the incidence of chronic diseases and mortality. Primary healthcare (PHC) services therefore attempt, with rather limited success, to promote such lifestyles in their patients. The objective of the present study is to ascertain the perceptions of clinicians and researchers within the Basque Health System of the factors that hinder or facilitate the integration of healthy lifestyle promotion in routine PHC setting.
Purpose: Thrombolysis is used to treat stroke patients based on the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke study and meta-analysis results. We present a cost-effectiveness analysis based on a probabilistic model of the use of thrombolytic therapy in stroke treatment. Methods: We surveyed patients who had had a stroke during their hospital stay and examined them again 1 year after release from the hospital to obtain data on costs and natural history. We then calculated utility weights using the European Quality of Life Questionnaire. When the model runs, 4,000 Monte Carlo simulations are undertaken in which each parameter value changes depending on its probability distribution. The results are expressed in terms of the cost-effectiveness plane and the cost-effectiveness acceptability curve. Results: We studied 435 patients, of whom 304 had had an ischemic stroke. One year later, 216 were still alive. The mean utility values were 0.22 for disabled patients and 0.77 for autonomous patients. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) obtained by means of the parameters was –19,000 EUR/quality-adjusted life year, reflecting a saving of 6,000 EUR and a health benefit for patients. The cost-effectiveness plane showed that thrombolysis was a dominant variable in 96.1% of simulations. In the acceptability curves, only 0.4 of simulations obtained an ICER higher than the societal threshold. Conclusions: Thrombolytic therapy seems to be a useful intervention because it is inexpensive and cost-effective. The key factor is the decreased rate of disability, which results in a better quality of life of the patient and lower costs.
Identification and universal advice to smokers, together with treatment of those who are motivated to quit, achieved important success rates without increasing excessively ordinary work loads.
One of the procedures the service uses for this purpose, known as <>, involves selecting a process linked to a prioritized health problem, and analyzing and reconstructing it so that the related activity, expected results, financial costs and its impact on the population's health can be identified. After this process the service provides the Territorial Health Agency, which is responsible for service purchase for the public and private sectors, with information about contract conditions for the process reviewed. Annual assessment of contract services monitors the extent to which the agreements made have been carried out and their consequences on the population's health. The present article deals with the process through which this <> is carried out.
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