Introduction: Alcoholic liver disease is a serious health problem related to an unhealthy lifestyle. The three most widely recognized forms of alcoholic liver disease are alcoholic fatty liver, acute alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis. The main aim of our study is to find out the prevalence of alcoholic liver disease in tertiary care center. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among inpatient cases admitted in the medicine department of tertiary care center from 1st June 2018 to 31st May 2019. Ethical approval was taken for the study. Convenience sampling method was used. All the biochemical parameters were expressed as mean±standard deviation for each group and point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Prevalence of alcoholic liver disease is 50 (50%) at a 95% Confidence Interval (40.2%-59.8%) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is also the same. The mean age of alcoholic liver disease was 59±12 years where as the mean age for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was 46±18 years. Out of fifty patients of alcoholic liver disease, majority 48 (96%) of the cases were males which suggests that the prevalence of alcoholic liver disease is very common in males. Similarly, for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, prevalence was 34 (68%) showing higher prevalence than that of females. Conclusions: Prevalence of alcoholic liver disease is low compared to previous studies done in the similar settings. Monitoring these biochemical parameters in alcoholic liver disease at early stage could guide in planning the protocol for the initial treatment.
Introduction: Acid base disorder is a condition characterized by alteration in blood pH by theimbalance between the components of blood leading to a life threatening situation. The main aimof this study was to find the prevalence of acid-base disorders and biochemical findings of suchdisorders in patients in a tertairy care hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Nobel Medical College TeachingHospital from 1st September, 2018 to 31st August, 2019. Ethical apporoval was taken from InstitutionalReview Committee. All the patients presented to emergency department, intensive care units andwards were included during the study period. Data were entered and calculations were done inMicrosoft Excel, point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency andproportion for binary data. Results: Out of arterial blood gas analysis of 1144 patients, the prevalence of acid base disorderswas 718 (62.76%) at 95% Confidence Interval (59.96-65.56%). Simple and mixed acid base disorderswere observed in 332 (46.24%) and 386 (53.76%) patients respectively. Respiratory alkalosis was mostcommon among 134 (40.36%) cases in simple acid base disorder whereas metabolic acidosis andrespiratory alkalosis was most common among 204 (52.85%) in mixed acid base disorder. All typesof disorders were observed more in elderly people (41-60 and >60 age group) than other age groups. Conclusions: Acid base disorder was found to be more common in very ill patients in emergency andintensive care units compared to similar studies. Mixed acid base disorder was the most commonwith male and elderly patients in predominance.
Background Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most common health problem characterizd by hyperglycemia. Type II Diabetes Mellitus is the most common one. Diabetic nephropathy is the most common clinical condition arises with in these patients which progressively leads to impairment in kidney’s function. Measurement of microalbumin in urine is the earliest dectactable stage of diabetic kidney disease.Material and Methods The total of 200 diabetic patients (112 males and 88 females) were enrolled and biochemical estimations including blood glucose level, serum creatinine, blood urea, urine albumin was conducted.Results Prevalance of microalbuminuria was 26 % in type II diabetic patients.Renal functions parameters like blood urea and serum ceratinine were higher in patients with positive microalbuminuria.60 % of diabetic patients are normoalbuminrics and rests 14% are proteinurics.Conclusion Various factors like increasing age, duration of diabetics, blood sugar level,blood urea, serum creatinine are the causes for microalbuminuria and proteinuria. Therefore, to rule out the early screening of diabetic kidney disease, DM patients should get routinely checked up with blood sugar level as well as renal profile test like serum creatinine, blood urea and albumin level in urine.Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.5(2) 2016; 1-4
Proteins are the key players for the whole show of a body as living. If we look into the real mechanism of the events going on in a living system one by one, we will always find the involvement of one protein or may be many playing vital roles in each event. To justify this statement, we can insert a summary of the functions of proteins already documented. As structural component, proteins like collagen, elastin, keratin etc are taking vital role in the making and supporting of our body tissues. Enzymes belong to a family of proteins produced by our own cell as biocatalyst just to enable all the biolecular transformations to proceed in a finely regulated manner. Antibodies are the specialized proteins produced by our immune system for defence of our body against foreign bodies and infection. For movement, actin, myosin, troponins and tropomyosin are the proteins involved in muscle contraction and relaxation. Opsins are light sensitive proteins working in our photoreceptor cells of retina for vision. Different metabolites, vitamins, hormones metal ions etc. can be transported from one site to another with the help of specific protein as transporters. Hormones and neurotransmitters can transmit their signal only, when they are received and fixed by proteins as receptors at their target organs. Hormones are chemical messengers coordinating the metabolic pathway, they are mostly proteins or peptides. Disposal of unwanted proteins, if it is foreign origin, liposomal proteolytic enzymes will do the necessary digestion and disposal but for those endogenously expressed proteins, when their assigned duties are over, a molecular labeling will be given by fixing with a protein known as ubiquitin. The labeled proteins are then fed into a protein complex known as proteasome, where they are chopped into pieces and disposed. Now, as a most recent discovery, Proteins for disposal of unwanted genetic materials has started pouring in. RNAS transcribed by DNAS for synthesis of proteins, when their functions are over, they are to be cleared from inside the cells for a better cell health. For this, a microprotein, named "NoBody" (the full form being a nonannotated P. body dissociating polypeptide) has been discovered as a molecular work horse for sweeping out of unneeded. RNAS. Experiments conducted by yale university researchers, showed that "NoBody" interacts with another group of proteins involved in RNA recycling process known to form P. body granules When the intracellular level of "NoBody" increases, the disappearance of P. body granules also increases. When there is any fluctuation in
Not available.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 2, Issue 11 (July-December, 2017) Page: I-IV
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