Aim: The present study was planned to investigate the possible antipyretic activity of methanolic leaves extract of Rumex vesicarius against various protocols of experimentally induced pyrexia in rabbits.Materials and Methods: Ninety healthy adult albino rabbits were divided into three groups (A, B, C), 30 rabbits in each group. Pyrexia was induced by three different protocols, i.e. boiled milk (0.5 ml/kg body weight, intra-peritonealy), Brewer's yeast (10 ml/kg, subcutenously) and D-amphetamine (5 mg/kg, i.p.), to the groups A, B and C respectively. Each group was further subdivided into five sub groups (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) each having 6 animals. Sub group-1 served as positive control group; sub group-2 was treated with aspirin (10 mg/kg, orally) standard antipyretic agent; sub group-3, 4 and 5 were treated orally with methanolic leaves extract of Rumex vesicarius at dose rate of 80, 120 and 160 mg/kg body weight respectively. The hypothermic effect was observed at different time intervals in each protocol.Results: Rumex vesicarius L. significantly (p<0.05) lowered the elevated temperature in all scenarios. Maximum antipyretic effect was observed at 3h of post induction pyrexia in group A and at 4h after pyrexia in the groups B and C. Moreover, the antipyretic effect was concentration dependent and comparable to the standard aspirin at higher doses. Conclusion:The leaves of Rumex vesicarius have the antipyretic action in dose dependent manner, based upon this scientific validation, the claims of the local communities are true. The exact mode of action of this plant is still not clear, however, a single or a number of bioactive compounds of the plant may be responsible for its antipyretic activity.
Aim: This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of irrigants during the cleaning and shaping of the canal system. This in vitro study evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively, the antimicrobial activity of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and MTAD against E. faecalis. Materials and Methods: Eighty freshly extracted human single-rooted mandibular premolars were selected and sectioned below the cement-enamel junction at 15 mm length. E. faecalis ATCC 29212 strain and clinical strains were subcultured from nutrient agar plates in the laboratory. Single colonies of both strains were inoculated from nutrient agar cultures into 100 mL Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB) and incubated at 37°C and 150 rpm for 2 h. After 2 h, when the culture entered the logarithmic phase, the prepared teeth specimens were added and incubated at 37° C and 60 rpm for 7 days. Every 48 h, 75 mL of the culture was replaced with fresh TSB. The 80 samples were divided into two sets of 40 each: the first set of 40 specimens for ATCC 29212 and the second set of 40 specimens for clinical isolates. Each set was further subdivided into four groups of 10 teeth according to the selected irrigants. For quantitative assessment, six teeth from each group were used for viable count, and, for qualitative analysis, four teeth from each group sectioned vertically were used for fluorescent microscopy. Results: In the agar disc diffusion method, both Chlorhexidine and MTAD exhibited good antibacterial properties. Distilled water had no antimicrobial property. The colony counts in the clinical isolates and ATCC specimens when used with different irrigants were compared using one-way ANOVA. Conclusions: Sodium hypochlorite showed the most effective antimicrobial property among the three irrigants against E. faecalis biofilm. Clinical relevance to interdisciplinary dentistry Microorganisms remaining in the root canal space after treatment or recolonizing the filled canal system are the main cause of endodontic failures. Failure in Root canal therapy will lead reinfection which may become a problem which has to be handled with multidisciplinary approach such as endodontic surgery or therapy.
In this study, the flow and heat transfer of viscous fluid features inside the closed configuration with a heated baffles are investigated. Due to the non-linearity of the model, the numerical approach is adopted to get the solution. Initially, the governing equations were discretized in the 2D domain using the Finite Element Method (FEM). To improve accuracy, a hybrid mesh is built at a coarse level, then the grid refinement level is increased. The baffle gap (B.g) is varied from 0.2 to 0.6 and three Reynolds numbers are chosen for this investigation: . The Grashof number is fixed in all the cases to . The results are discussed in terms of velocity profile, isotherms, and vertical cutlines graphs.
The Swertia chirayita and Artemisia absinthium (Afsanteen) plants extracts were evaluated for phytochemicals and their antimicrobial activity against 3 bacteria and 2 fungal strains by using the disc diffusion technique. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids in Swertia chirayita while in Artemisia absinthium only saponins, terpenoids were present. To a very small extent tannins were present in the ethanolic extract of Afsanteen. But both plant extracts gave negative results for the presence of cardiac glycosides. Antibacterial activity of Swertia chirayita and Afsanteen plant extracts were screened against 3 bacterial strains (E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas syringola) and 2 fungal strains (Aspergillus niger and Fusarium Solani). Ampicillin was used as a standard drug for antibacterial and antifungal activity. Results showed that Afsanteen and chirayita extracts showed activity against bacterial strains except for chirayita n-hexane and ethanol extract for Bacillus subtilis and Chirayita n-hexane extract for Pseudomonas syringola. A maximum zone of inhibition was noticed for chirayita ethanol extract against Pseudomonas syringola. But both plant extracts showed zero activity against fungal strains except Chirayita acetone extract against Fusarium solani while chirayita ethanol extract against Aspergillus niger. Both extracts of plants gave concentration-dependent activity. It was concluded that the presence of antimicrobial activity for both plant extracts indicated that is due to the presence of phytochemical compounds.
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