Antimicrobial activity of various irrigants against E. faecalis biofilm: An in vitro study

Abstract

Aim: This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of irrigants during the cleaning and shaping of the canal system. This in vitro study evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively, the antimicrobial activity of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and MTAD against E. faecalis. Materials and Methods: Eighty freshly extracted human single-rooted mandibular premolars were selected and sectioned below the cement-enamel junction at 15 mm length. E. faecalis ATCC 29212 strain and clinical strains were subcultured from nutrient agar plates in the laboratory. Single colonies of both strains were inoculated from nutrient agar cultures into 100 mL Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB) and incubated at 37°C and 150 rpm for 2 h. After 2 h, when the culture entered the logarithmic phase, the prepared teeth specimens were added and incubated at 37° C and 60 rpm for 7 days. Every 48 h, 75 mL of the culture was replaced with fresh TSB. The 80 samples were divided into two sets of 40 each: the first set of 40 specimens for ATCC 29212 and the second set of 40 specimens for clinical isolates. Each set was further subdivided into four groups of 10 teeth according to the selected irrigants. For quantitative assessment, six teeth from each group were used for viable count, and, for qualitative analysis, four teeth from each group sectioned vertically were used for fluorescent microscopy. Results: In the agar disc diffusion method, both Chlorhexidine and MTAD exhibited good antibacterial properties. Distilled water had no antimicrobial property. The colony counts in the clinical isolates and ATCC specimens when used with different irrigants were compared using one-way ANOVA. Conclusions: Sodium hypochlorite showed the most effective antimicrobial property among the three irrigants against E. faecalis biofilm. Clinical relevance to interdisciplinary dentistry Microorganisms remaining in the root canal space after treatment or recolonizing the filled canal system are the main cause of endodontic failures. Failure in Root canal therapy will lead reinfection which may become a problem which has to be handled with multidisciplinary approach such as endodontic surgery or therapy.

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Chlorhexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite, the Diode Laser and Saline in Reducing the Microbial Count in Primary Teeth Root Canals – An In Vivo Study

“…However, 2% concentration of chlorhexidine is generally recommended in endodontic literature for the purpose of root canal irrigation. 30 In this study, Chlorhexidine demonstrated a broad spectrum antimicrobial action, which is similar to the results of the previous studies. 18,30,31 In the previous studies, minimal or no difference was observed when antimicrobial efficacy of NaOCl and 2% CHX against the root canal infection was compared.…”

“…30 In this study, Chlorhexidine demonstrated a broad spectrum antimicrobial action, which is similar to the results of the previous studies. 18,30,31 In the previous studies, minimal or no difference was observed when antimicrobial efficacy of NaOCl and 2% CHX against the root canal infection was compared. 32,33 This is in accordance with this study as 2% chlorhexidine and 1% sodium hypochlorite showed no statistically significant difference in the reduction of the bacterial colonies (see Table 1).…”

Bactericide Effect of Silver Nanoparticles as a Final Irrigation Agent in Endodontics onEnterococcus faecalis: AnEx VivoStudy

“…E. faecalis has certain factors of virulence including enzymes, cytolysin, and lipoteichoic acid. It was selected for this study because it has proven to be resistant to numerous antimicrobial agents and has been associated with resistant apical periodontitis [12]. The study was performed on root canals, which permits an improved observational study of the behavior of the bacteria in clinical conditions very similar to actual conditions.…”

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Oxum Solution and Other Endodontic Irrigants Against Enterococcus Faecalis - An In vitro Study

“…faecalis was chosen as the test organism because it has been associated with persistent apical inflammation in clinical situations and is one of the intra-canal bacteria which are most resistant to elimination by disinfecting agent [16]. The prevalence of Enterococci, has been a conspicuous finding in a high percentage of rootcanal failures which has been attributed to its high resistance and its ability to survive as a single organism in monocultures The significant characteristics of Enterococci include their ability to grow in the range of 10°C-45°C and to survive around 30 min at 60°C, and at high salt concentrations of 6.5% saline as well as at extremely alkaline pH of up to 11 [17]. E. faecalis endures prolonged period of nutritional deprivation.…”