Background: Prostate cancer is the fourth commonest cancer in the UK, and the incidence is rising. The reference standard for diagnosing this condition is prostate biopsy, an invasive procedure.

Pancreatic transplantation has progressed in the past 25 years since its initial stages, proving to be highly promising for those with diabetes and its resultant multiorgan disorders. Several studies have shown that patients who receive transplants have better glycemic control, blood pressure control, lipid control, and show reversal of microscopic diabetic changes including neuropathy and improved cardiovascular risks. Advances in many fields have made it possible for more than 32 000 procedures to be done worldwide, and 1-and 5-year posttransplant survival to be 95% and 83%. We sought to explore what advances have taken place in surgical techniques, patient selection, and immuno-suppressant therapy to allow this improvement and reduction in complications. New techniques (ie, islet cell implantation) promise early results. However, pancreatic transplant is currently the single existing therapy to establish normal glucose without exogenous insulin.

Goltz syndrome or focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH), is an X-linked dominant condition which predominantly involves the skin, limbs and eyes. In otolaryngology, FDH has been poorly described, but can result in increased symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea requiring surgery. There have also been documented cases of mixed severe hearing loss secondary to congenital ossicular anomalies. More frequently, patients present to the ear–nose–throat clinic with symptoms of dysphagia, secondary to papillomatosis. A 36-year-old woman presented with pain, irritation and dysphagia with a known diagnosis of FDH. She was subsequently investigated with an oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy, Barium Swallow and an MRI neck scan with contrast. Lymphoid hyperplasia was found on investigation and the patient underwent a panendoscopy with CO2 laser to the lesion with good clinical outcome. This case report highlights the need for multidisciplinary team involvement to ensure full consideration of management options.

We present a rare and unusual case of a 16-year-old girl, with no significant medical history, presenting with right nasal obstruction and suspected sinusitis with occasional epistaxis and haemoptysis. On examination, she had a mass lesion in the right nasal cavity, with no evidence of other pathology on assessment of the ears, nose, throat or head and neck. A CT scan revealed an opacified right maxillary sinus with polypoidal mucosa, extending and passing through the accessory ostium into the right nasal cavity. Examination under anaesthesia with functional endoscopic sinus surgery and excision of the lesion was subsequently undertaken. Histological analysis confirmed the mass lesion as a haemangioma. This case report is the first to present a maxillary haemangioma presenting as nasal obstruction with intermittent sinusitis symptoms in a child. The authors discuss the incidence, presentation and management of maxillary haemangiomas in the paediatric population.