In the present study, we determined the complete mitogenome of Opisina arenosella, the first for the family Xyloryctidae. This mitochondrial genome contains 15,389 bp, with an A þ T content of 80.5% and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region (GenBank accession no. MK467611). The genome size, gene arrangement, A þ T content, codon usage, and secondary structures of 22 transfer RNA genes of the O. arenosella mitogenome were similar to those of other sequenced Gelechioids. Bayesian analyses performed using the mitogenomes of O. arenosella and other 13 species of Gelechioidea.
Coral–zooxanthellae holobionts are one of the most productive ecosystems in the ocean. With global warming and ocean acidification, coral ecosystems are facing unprecedented challenges. To save the coral ecosystems, we need to understand the symbiosis of coral–zooxanthellae. Although some Scleractinia (stony corals) transcriptomes have been sequenced, the reliable full-length transcriptome is still lacking due to the short-read length of second-generation sequencing and the uncertainty of the assembly results. Herein, PacBio Sequel II sequencing technology polished with the Illumina RNA-seq platform was used to obtain relatively complete scleractinian coral M. foliosa transcriptome data and to quantify M. foliosa gene expression. A total of 38,365 consensus sequences and 20,751 unique genes were identified. Seven databases were used for the gene function annotation, and 19,972 genes were annotated in at least one database. We found 131 zooxanthellae transcripts and 18,829 M. foliosa transcripts. A total of 6328 lncRNAs, 847 M. foliosa transcription factors (TFs), and 2 zooxanthellae TF were identified. In zooxanthellae we found pathways related to symbiosis, such as photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism. Pathways related to symbiosis in M. foliosa include oxidative phosphorylation and nitrogen metabolism, etc. We summarized the isoforms and expression level of the symbiont recognition genes. Among the membrane proteins, we found three pathways of glycan biosynthesis, which may be involved in the organic matter storage and monosaccharide stabilization in M. foliosa. Our results provide better material for studying coral symbiosis.
In the present study, we determined complete mitogenome of Brontispa longissima, the first for the tribe Cryptonychini. This mitochondrial genome contains 15,696 bp, with an AþT content of 72.2% (GenBank accession no. MN052901). All of the 22 tRNA genes displayed a typical cloverleaf structure, with the exception of tRNASer (TCT). 12 PCGs were initiated by ATN codons, and ND1 started with TTG. Eight PCGs used the typical stop codon 'TAA' and 'TGA', while five PCGs terminated with incomplete stop codons "T". Phylogenetic analyses performed using the mitogenomes for the B. longissima and other seven species from subfamily Cassidinae.
Mitochondrial transcription termination factor (mTERF) is a DNA-binding protein that is encoded by nuclear genes, ultimately functions in mitochondria and can affect gene expression. By combining with mitochondrial nucleic acids, mTERF regulates the replication, transcription and translation of mitochondrial genes and plays an important role in the response of plants to abiotic stress. However, there are few studies on mTERF genes in tomato, which limits the in-depth study and utilization of mTERF family genes in tomato stress resistance regulation. In this study, a total of 28 mTERF gene family members were obtained through genome-wide mining and identification of the tomato mTERF gene family. Bioinformatics analysis showed that all members of the family contained environmental stress or hormone response elements. Gene expression pattern analysis showed that the selected genes had different responses to drought, high salt and low temperature stress. Most of the genes played key roles under drought and salt stress, and the response patterns were more similar. The VIGS method was used to silence the SLmTERF13 gene, which was significantly upregulated under drought and salt stress, and it was found that the resistance ability of silenced plants was decreased under both kinds of stress, indicating that the SLmTERF13 gene was involved in the regulation of the tomato abiotic stress response. These results provide important insights for further evolutionary studies and contribute to a better understanding of the role of the mTERF genes in tomato growth and development and abiotic stress response, which will ultimately play a role in future studies of tomato gene function.
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