Radiation has validated its existence and clinical utility in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. At the same time, the risks of radiation that may arise from these applications to the people working in these fields, the general public and the environment are enormous and therefore, need to be assessed and controlled effectively by improving capabilities for controlling hazards, preventing accidents, responding to emergencies and mitigating any harmful consequences of radiation. To critically evaluate the AERB guidelines against the comprehensive audit program given by IAEA for entire radiation facilities and to propose the comprehensive audit program for the institutions / universities. To design the comprehensive audit protocol for national radiation practices at institutional/University level also to propose an upgraded model for accreditation guidelines therein notified by the AERB as against the IAEA comprehensive audit protocol for radiation facilities. The comprehensive audit programs by IAEA the guidelines for the radiation safety and quality assurance by AERB,were compared and evaluated in order to propose the enhanced national audit protocol for the institutions for improving the radiation practicewhich is mainly carried out by the Medical Physicist and Radiological safety officer with the help of Licensee and Employer of the institute / universityon radiation safety and quality for the better streamlined quality and clinical services. Itwill be very useful to improve patient care with the intention of maximizing the effect of clinical care and minimizing its harm to the individual and to society as a whole also patient care, the effective use of resources, the provision and organization of clinical services, professional education and training. The optimized and justified utilization of radiation with radiation dose limitation to radiation worker and the general public in order to minimize the stochastic effect and to avoid the deterministic effect of radiation.
Urinary calculus is a medical condition characterized by the formation of hard deposits in the urinary tract. It is also known as kidney stones and can cause severe pain and discomfort. The most common type of urinary calculus is composed of calcium, but it can be made of other substances such as uric acid or struvite. Risk factors for developing urinary calculus include dehydration, family history, certain medical conditions, and certain medications. Urinary calculi are a common condition that can cause significant discomfort and morbidity in affected individuals. CT imaging is the gold standard technique that helps diagnose urinary calculi. During the examination, axial and coronal images are commonly used. However, the optimal imaging approach has not been clearly defined. The study will include patients with suspected urinary calculi who undergo CT imaging at a single institution. Both axial and coronal images will be reconstructed using M.I.P. The primary outcome measure will be the sensitivity and specificity of the two imaging approaches for detecting urinary calculi. Secondary outcome measures will include the time required for image reconstruction, the radiation exposure associated with each approach, and the subjective preference of the radiologists for one approach over the other. The study is expected to provide valuable information on the optimal imaging approach for evaluating urinary calculi. If one approach is superior, it could lead to a more efficient and effective diagnosis and treatment of this common condition. Additionally, the study will provide data on the radiation exposure associated with each approach, which could inform clinical decision-making and improve patient safety. In this study, the protocol aims to compare the diagnostic performance of axial and coronal C.T. images using maximum intensity projection (MIP) for the evaluation of urinary calculi.
Background: Elastography, recent progress in the field of imaging, is an innovative approach which provides information pertaining to tissue elasticity. Charting the stiffness can be performed either by assessing the same, using the evaluation of the strain i n the mass of cells in the presence of stress or assessment of shear waves, the propagation of which is dependent on the tissue stiffness, using imaging tools. This study was done to investigate the validity of strain elastography in the diagnosis of superficial soft-tissue lesions in contrast to histopathological examination (HPE) due to the dearth of studies comparing strain elastography and HPE, particularly in the Indian context. Materials and Methods: The present longitudinal study was conducted by the Department of Radiology at AVBRH, Sawangi, Wardha, from the year 2020 to 2022. Ninety-six subjects who were diagnosed or clinically suspected superficial soft-tissue lesions irrespective of age and gender were included. All patients underwent ultrasound, elastography, and final diagnosis was confirmed with HPE. Institutional Ethical Clearance (No: DMIMS [DU]/IEC/2022/340) and before the initiation of the investigation and the recruitment of patients into the study, informed consent was obtained. Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Kruskal–Wallis test were the tests of significance. Results: The subjects’ average age was 40.38 ± 18.95 years, and 57.3% of them were women. On HPE, 21 lesions (21.8%) were categorized as malignant and 75 lesions (77.2%) as benign. The mean strain ratio (SR) was 11.7 ± 4.8 for malignant lesions and 2.5 ± 4.6 for benign lesions. Malignant and benign lesions had a noticeable change in SR. To distinguish between malignant and benign soft-tissue lesions, an SR of >3 had a sensitivity of 95.24%, specificity of 91.89%, positive predictive value of 87.0%, and negative predictive value of 97.1%. Conclusion: SR of malignant lesions was higher than that of benign soft-tissue lesions. SRs performed better as a diagnostic tool than elasticity scores hence, SRs can be utilized as a marker to foretell a soft-tissue tumor’s propensity for malignancy.
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