Background: Intestinal stoma is an opening for fecal diversion. The purpose of the present study was to identify indications for commonly performed intestinal stomas and to study complications related to it. Methods: This is a prospective study was carried out in a surgical unit of Hamidia Hospital, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal from January, 2012 to December,2012. Data was collected by meticulous history taking including age, gender, indication, type of stoma, type of surgery, careful clinical examination, appropriate operative findings and follow up of the cases. The results were collected, analyzed and compared with other studies. Results: A total of 100 patients were evaluated age ranged between 12- 85 years (50.5 ± 29.01 years) Male to female ratio was 7:3. Of the 100 patients 97 were admitted in emergency while 3 in out-patient department. The most common type of stoma made was loop ileostomy (64%) followed by sigmoid colostomy (11%) and transverse loop colostomy (9%). Main indication for a stoma formation was enteric perforation (38%) followed by Koch’s abdomen (18%). Of the various complications encountered with intestinal stoma, peristomal skin irritation (36%) was the most consistent complication followed by laparotomy wound infection (13%). Conclusions: Inspite of vast exposure of general surgeons towards stoma formation the complications are inevitable. Early detection of complication and its timely management is the keystone. [Int J Res Med Sci 2013; 1(4.000): 536-540

SUMMARY: Electrolyte abnormalities are common in patients with traumatic brain injury. Disturbances of serum sodium levels are among the most common and frequently occur in neurologically morbid patients and exacerbate their severity. Hypernatremia usually results from diabetes insipidus syndrome, whereas hyponatremia develops due to syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) or cerebral salt-wasting syndrome (CSWS) and contribute to the high morbidity and mortality rates observed in these patients. The aim of this study is to measure the serum levels of Na + , K + , Ca ++ , PO4 ---in head injury patients and find the range & compare the levels in severe and moderate head injury patients with mild head injury patients. METHOD: Na + , K + , Ca ++ , PO4 ---levels of patients in age group 13-60 years were estimated by ion selective electrode method. RESULTS: it was found that most common electrolyte imbalance found is hyperphosphotemia (87%) followed by hyponatremia (62.90%). In case of hyperelectrolytemia, hyperkalemia (46.6%) to be the most common electrolyte imbalance in mild type of head injury whereas in severe and moderate cases hyperphosphotemia (28.40%) is most common dyselectrolytemia. CONCLUSION: hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disbalance among Na+, K+, Ca++, PO4---in patients of traumatic head injury which is also very dangerous and need to be correct promptly.