INTRODUCTION:One very important complication of abdominal surgeries is postoperative ileus which results in severe patient discomfort, prolonged hospitalization, and enhanced treatment cost. This study was conducted with an aim to analyze the clinical outcome of effect of chewing gum mainly to avoid post-operative paralytic ileus in post-operative patients of abdominal surgeries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study total 200 patients were included, 100 were cases and remaining were controls. The cases were given chewing gum to chew after the surgery while the controls were allowed to heal without chewing gums in conventional style and both were observed hourly for clinical outcome. RESULTS: Among cases the mean duration of first sound heard was 26.3 hours while among controls this was 38.8 hours [p<0.001], the mean duration of first flatus passed among cases was 50.7 hours while that among controls was 68.5 hours, the mean duration of first Bowel passed among cases was 92.4 hours while that among controls was 128.3 hours [p<0.001]. On comparing cases of routine with emergency surgeries, gastric with small bowel surgeries, and traumatic with pathological bowel surgeries it was observed that the first bowel sound, first flatus and first bowel passed appears significantly earlier in routine surgeries, gastric surgeries and traumatic surgeries respectively. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that chewing gum has significant effect over bowel motility as bowel sounds appeared significantly earlier in cases than control and time for first flatus passed and first bowel passed were also noted significantly earlier in cases than controls. Hospital stay of cases were found significantly lesser than control hence simple intervention like chewing can decrease the burden of disease of paralytic ileus from community.

Recognition of onychomycosis is less difficult providing the clinician is aware of the entity. Should the etiologic diagnosis be made, its eradication is desirable to surmount its implication in the society at large.

The Breast Conservative Therapy is the standard treatment for early-stage breast cancer in the western world. On the other hand, in India BCT is not preferred by the surgeons and patients (11-23% vs. >60-70%). Patients suffer from cancer, its treatments and the sideeffects of treatment. The majority of them encounter breast cancer multiplicity of physical and psychological difficulties after finishing cancer treatment. Without rehabilitation these difficulties may lead to functional limitations, disabilities, and mental issues. The breast cancer survival rate has increased, due to improvements in early diagnostic procedures and more aggressive therapies. Because of increased survival rate need of rehabilitation has been increased. The study was conducted with the aim of being able to determine the need of rehabilitation in patients of breast cancer after MRM in alleviating the disability also, to assess post MRM complication and to assess the psychological impairment and quality of life of breast cancer survivors.it was observed that out of 90/122 (73.77%) individuals were scoring below 40 which was suggestive of poor quality of life also, out of 122 patients 18 patients developed lymphedema. Amongst the 122 patients 54.97% wanted breast reconstruction & most of them belong to younger age group.

Background: Seroma, a clinically evident subcutaneous collection of serous fluid after breast cancer surgery, developing in approximately 30% of cases. To prevent seroma formation, it is important to estimate individual risk of seroma formation, i.e., the identification of predictive variables will be helpful in designing future trials aimed at reducing the incidence of this seroma. This study intends to find out the association between certain pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative factors related to MRM and incidence of seroma formation.Methods: It was an observational prospective on 100 females undergoing MRM at Department of Gandhi Medical College Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. Patients were observed postoperatively for seroma formation and factors affecting it.Results: patients with seroma formation in this study tended to be older age (age, 62.60±10.40 years versus 56.13±10.31 years; p<0.001) and more obese (BMI, 26.95±4.2 versus 24.61±3.61; p<0.001). Higher amount of initial drain volume was directly related to seroma formation.  Initiation of arm physiotherapy after surgery (3.14±0.23 days versus 2.17±0.74 days; p=0.043).Conclusions: The incidence of seroma is higher in older and in more obese patients. The incidence is decreased by flap fixation under muscles and early physiotherapy. Furthermore, few interventions in the operative period can help minimize the chances of seroma formation.