Many policymakers and scholars have discussed concerns regarding terrorist group use of cryptocurrency in recent years. While some argue that the threat is still limited, others argue that the current usage of cryptocurrency does not match the entirety of features that terrorist groups require and desire. In the end, it is still critical to recognize that the cryptocurrency used for terrorist financing frequently depends on several influencing factors. This study aims to (i) investigate the utilization of cryptocurrency by Moslem-affiliated terrorists in Southeast Asia; (ii) map the case typology of cryptocurrency use in Southeast Asian terrorist funding; (iii) describe the regulatory challenges raised in Southeast Asia. This research is a type of doctrinal legal one using the statute, case, and conceptual approaches. The results of this study acknowledge the limited but increasing risk of terrorist financing by cryptocurrency over the 2015-2022 timeframe in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, the existing typology of cases uses smurfing and structuring techniques with high and medium levels of risk. This research ends by recommending actions that Southeast Asian country stakeholders can take to reduce the potential of cryptocurrency usage in terrorist funding by harmonizing their counter-terrorist financing regulatory approaches and implementing investigative best practices.
This article aims to review the application of the principle of personal data protection as part of privacy rights in the PeduliLindungi application considering that on the one hand, the PeduliLindungi application helps the government to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. But on the other hand, there is a threat of misuse of personal data in the future. This background article is based on the use of the PeduliLindungi application, which was initially used to track the spread of the virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. But it seems that the public will increasingly use its use in the future, especially now that it has begun to be planned as an e-wallet and started integrating with several other applications. This article reveals that there has been a dual role by the Ministry of Communication and Informatics as a supervisor and controller of personal data in Indonesia so that it has implications for the PeduliLindungi application that has not fully applied the principles of personal data protection when collecting, processing, and storing personal data. For the future, a comprehensive legal development drive is needed related to the protection of personal data. There is a personal data protection agency and Data Protection Officer (DPO) to more strongly enforce the principles of personal data protection.
On the one hand, the development of Artificial Intelligence ("AI") today has had such a significant impact on the lives of modern society that its emergence began to use widely. However on the other hand, AI existence raises the problem of liability if there is a loss during its use. Determining accountability has given rise to a serious debate between objective and subjective approaches to AI to be given the legal subject and rejected otherwise. The purpose of this article is to analyze how AI does base on current Indonesian law, its civil liability in the event of harm by comparing the EU and Japan, and whether AI in Indonesia could be a legal subject in the future. Using normative legal research methods with statutory approaches, comparative approaches, and conceptual approaches, this article finds: (i) AI under Indonesian law is currently an electronic agent, so it cannot be the legal subject and its civil liability based on the principle of negligence liability by the organizer as long as it is not the fault of its users; (ii) Indonesia is currently still using an objective approach and for the future regarding the possibility of change into a legal subject only occurs if there is a national law and international agreement to place AI in law through a subjective approach.
This research aims to elaborate on the problem of increasing air pollution due to motor vehicle exhaust emissions in Indonesia. These exhaust emissions are caused by the use of fossil fuels, where the majority of motor vehicles used are still conventional. This problem gives rise to the innovation of electric vehicles as one of the efforts to reduce air pollution that occurs. However, in its course, electric vehicle power sources still use electric power generated from processed fossil materials. Of course, it becomes useless if the procurement of electric vehicles also affects increasing the exploitation of non-renewable energy sources. The existence of solar power that is very abundant in Indonesia can undoubtedly be a means of fulfilling power in electric vehicles. In this study, the authors used socio-legal research methods. The final result of this study is a study on legal guarantees on electric vehicles in Indonesia, the ideal concept of using solar power as a renewable resource in charging electric vehicles, and recommendations to the government to apply the ideal concept to achieve national acceleration.
The implementation of GDPR and PSD2 in the EU as well as the PSD2 alignment with GDPR, encourage central banks in various countries including Indonesia to immediately implement an open banking system that also prioritizes privacy data protection. The PDP bill principle of explicit consent must be applied in open banking financial transactions that in Indonesia as stated in the National Standard Open API Payment (SNAP) 2021 (a Technical Standards and Governance Guideline). However, there are some fundamental differences regulated in PSD2 when compared to SNAP which will hinder Indonesia's adequate GDPR. This research is normative research with statutory approach and comparative approach. The results showed that there are some fundamental differences between PSD2 and SNAP, including the parties involved, data portability and the concept of re-consent or re-confirmation which are not regulated in SNAP but regulated in PSD2, for the concept of sensitive data payment, neither SNAP nor PSD2 provide the specific concept, both define it broadly.
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