At interfaces between conventional materials, band bending and alignment are classically controlled by differences in electrochemical potential. Applying this concept to oxides in which interfaces can be polar and cations may adopt a mixed valence has led to the discovery of novel two-dimensional states between simple band insulators such as LaAlO3 and SrTiO3. However, many oxides have a more complex electronic structure, with charge, orbital and/or spin orders arising from strong Coulomb interactions between transition metal and oxygen ions. Such electronic correlations offer a rich playground to engineer functional interfaces but their compatibility with the classical band alignment picture remains an open question. Here we show that beyond differences in electron affinities and polar effects, a key parameter determining charge transfer at correlated oxide interfaces is the energy required to alter the covalence of the metal-oxygen bond. Using the perovskite nickelate (RNiO3) family as a template, we probe charge reconstruction at interfaces with gadolinium titanate GdTiO3. X-ray absorption spectroscopy shows that the charge transfer is thwarted by hybridization effects tuned by the rare-earth (R) size. Charge transfer results in an induced ferromagnetic-like state in the nickelate, exemplifying the potential of correlated interfaces to design novel phases. Further, our work clarifies strategies to engineer two-dimensional systems through the control of both doping and covalence.
A large manifold of nontrivial spin textures, including the stabilization of monopole‐like fields, are generated by using a completely new and versatile approach based on the combination of superconductivity and magnetism. Robust, stable, and easily controllable complex spin structures are encoded, modified, and annihilated in a continuous magnetic thin film by defining a variety of magnetic states in superconducting dots.
Since SrTiO3 has a high dielectric constant, it is used as a substrate for a large number of complex physical systems for electrical characterization. Since SrTiO3 crystals are known to be non-ferroelectric/non-piezoelectric at room temperature and above, SrTiO3 has been believed to be a good choice as a substrate/base material for PFM (Piezoresponse Force Microscopy) on novel systems at room temperature. In this paper, from PFM-like measurement using an atomic force microscope on bare crystals of (110) SrTiO3 we show that ferroelectric and piezoelectric-like response may originate from bare SrTiO3 at remarkably high temperatures up to 420 K. Electrical domain writing and erasing are also possible using a scanning probe tip on the surface of SrTiO3 crystals. This observation indicates that the role of the electrical response of SrTiO3 needs to be revisited in the systems where signature of ferroelectricity/piezoelectricity has been previously observed with SrTiO3 as a substrate/base material.
The non-oxide 2D materials have garnered considerable interest due to their potential utilization as photocatalysts, which offer a superior substitute to metal-oxide-based photocatalysts. This study investigates the impact of the...
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