Infections due to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP) have emerged as a public health problem worldwide given their spread dynamics and the limited therapeutic options. Our aim was to study the clinical outcome of patients with CR-KP infections in relation to antimicrobial treatment. CR-KP infections that occurred in a 10-month period (September 2009 to June 2010) in patients admitted to 19 intensive care units all over Greece were studied. A total of 127 CR-KP infections were reported. Central venous catheter bacteraemia was the most frequent infection, followed by ventilator-associated pneumonia (39 (30.7%) and 35 (27.6%) cases, respectively). Resistance to colistin, tigecycline, gentamicin and amikacin was detected in 20%, 33%, 21% and 64% of isolates, respectively. Regarding treatment, 107 cases received active treatment, including 1 or ≥2 active antibiotics in 65 (60.7%) and 42 (39.3%) cases, respectively. The most frequent combination was colistin plus aminoglycoside and tigecycline plus aminoglycoside (17 and 11 cases, respectively). Forty-eight (45.2%) of the cases that received active treatment were considered clinical failures, with 23.5% mortality at 14 days. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≤55 years, non-immunocompromised patients and patients who received colistin had higher successful response rates, while patients ≤55 years old had lower mortality rates at 14 days after the introduction of active treatment. CR-KP infections are associated with a significant clinical failure rate. Colistin remains a valuable antimicrobial agent for treating these infections, while the rise of resistance to the last available antibiotics further limits treatment options.

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Our findings support screening of all children with pharyngitis for Centor criteria and subsequently performing an RADT to guide decision for antibiotic administration. Such a strategy has an important impact on limiting throat culture testing and is associated with reduced antibiotic prescription.

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