Highlights d Mining within Indigenous Lands may impact 20% more forests than the current scenario d Proposed bill could affect forests providing at least $5 billion in ecosystem services annually d Impact assessments must comply with best practices to safeguard ecosystems and people
Resumo: A ausência de práticas de manejo sustentável da base comum de recursos naturais é decorrente de várias causas, tais como: insegurança fundiária, instituições locais pouco representativas, políticas públicas inadequadas para a gestão participativa e ausência de incentivos e créditos adequados. Este modelo de exploração dos recursos comuns tem provocado a degradação ambiental e conflitos sociais entre os diversos usuários do recurso. Este artigo trata do uso e conservação da base comum de recursos naturais, visando fornecer subsídios para uma avaliação da gestão ambiental na Amazônia e do papel das estruturas institucionais. O artigo apresenta experiências de gestão ambiental da pesca na Amazônia, com ênfase na participação das comunidades locais organizadas, as quais apontam novas possibilidades para os processos de tomada de decisão, fortalecendo um sistema descentralizado, e configurando um marco regulatório da gestão ambiental participativa.Palavras-chave: recursos comuns, gestão ambiental, manejo da pesca.
Uma abordagem institucional para o estudo dos recursos comunsAs políticas públicas na Amazônia para a conservação da base comum de recursos naturais têm sido polarizadas entre o Estado e o direito privado ou a solução de mercado. Ainda não conhecemos bem quais são, de fato, as potencialidades e limitações desta região tão
The decisions taken by Jair Bolsonaro’s government since the first day of his mandate, in January 2019, have weakened the country’s environmental control policies and contributed to reduced inspection, increased deforestation on public lands and, consequently, the violation of the rights of indigenous peoples. There is a great diversity of contexts for isolated indigenous peoples in Brazil, from small groups to a single individual. These groups are the survivors of successive massacres and are threatened by the spread of disease, and for these reasons avoid contact with other agents at any cost. In addition to the need to ensure that their territories remain protected, the decision itself to live in isolation must be guaranteed in accordance with the already established instruments, including the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and Convention No. 169 of the International Labor Organization (ILO). Despite the traumatic history of contact, Brazil is the country with the largest number of isolated indigenous peoples in South America, as well as has the oldest public policy in terms of guaranteeing the rights of these peoples to self-determination. The measures presented in this article substantially undermine the protection of the rights of isolated indigenous peoples and obstruct the possibility of advancing or enforcing human rights which are internationally recognised and provided for in domestic law.
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