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Downregulation of NK cells in women with RSA is associated with a favorable pregnancy outcome. Peripheral blood NK cells (CD56+, CD56+/16+) are effectively suppressed after IVIg therapy. Women with RSA and high NK cells benefit from IVIg therapy and experience suppression of CD56+ and CD56+/16+ NK cells.

The data show significantly more bone apposition (8% more) and less crestal bone resorption (1.07 mm) with the CS than with the NCS after 12 weeks of healing. This CS can reduce the healing period and increase bone apposition in immediate implant placements.

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Background Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a growing health problem, and its treatment is a challenge. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the perceptions, knowledge, and clinical experiences of MIH in general dental practitioners (GDPs) and paediatric dentists (PDs) in Spain. Methods All dentists belonging to the College of Dentists of the Region of Murcia, in the South-East of Spain, were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey. They were asked to complete a two-part questionnaire including sociodemographic profiles and knowledge, experience, and perceptions of MIH. Data were analysed using Pearson’s chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and Cramer’s V test. Results The overall response rate was 18.6% (214/1147). Most respondents were aged 31–40 years (44.86%), with more than 15 years of professional experience (39.72%). They worked mainly in the private sector (84.58%) and were licensed in dentistry (74.30%): 95.45% of PDs had detected an increase in the incidence of MIH in recent years (p <  0.001). Only 23.80% of GDPs claimed to have made a training course on MIH. With respect to the aetiology, chronic medical conditions (p = 0.029) and environmental pollutants (p = 0.008) were the only factors that showed significant between-group differences. Durability (p = 0.009) and remineralization potential (p = 0.018) were the factors where there was a between-group difference in the choice of the restoration material. In the case of post-eruptive fractures and opacities, the preferred material for both groups was resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGIC). However, in incisor lesions, composite was the material of choice for both groups, with significant differences (p = 0.032) in the use of glass ionomer. Most respondents expressed a need for continuing education on MIH. Conclusion Spanish dentists perceived an increase in the incidence of MIH. The material of choice was RMGIC for non-aesthetic sectors and composite for incisors. Dentists believe it is difficult or very difficult to manage MIH, since the long-term success of restorations of MIH lesions is compromised because resin adhesion is not good. Both GDPs and PDs believe they need more training on the aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of MIH.

Background and Purpose— Volumes of hemorrhage and perihematomal edema (PHE) are well-established biomarkers of primary and secondary injury, respectively, in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. An automated imaging pipeline capable of accurately and rapidly quantifying these biomarkers would facilitate large cohort studies evaluating underlying mechanisms of injury. Methods— Regions of hemorrhage and PHE were manually delineated on computed tomography scans of patients enrolled in 2 intracerebral hemorrhage studies. Manual ground-truth masks from the first cohort were used to train a fully convolutional neural network to segment images into hemorrhage and PHE. The primary outcome was automated-versus-human concordance in hemorrhage and PHE volumes. The secondary outcome was voxel-by-voxel overlap of segmentations, quantified by the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Algorithm performance was validated on 84 scans from the second study. Results— Two hundred twenty-four scans from 124 patients with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage were used for algorithm derivation. Median volumes were 18 mL (interquartile range, 8–43) for hemorrhage and 12 mL (interquartile range, 5–30) for PHE. Concordance was excellent (0.96) for automated quantification of hemorrhage and good (0.81) for PHE, with DSC of 0.90 (interquartile range, 0.85–0.93) and 0.54 (0.39–0.65), respectively. External validation confirmed algorithm accuracy for hemorrhage (concordance 0.98, DSC 0.90) and PHE (concordance 0.90, DSC 0.55). This was comparable with the consistency observed between 2 human raters (DSC 0.90 for hemorrhage, 0.57 for PHE). Conclusions— We have developed a deep learning-based imaging algorithm capable of accurately measuring hemorrhage and PHE volumes. Rapid and consistent automated biomarker quantification may accelerate powerful and precise studies of disease biology in large cohorts of intracerebral hemorrhage patients.

Background The objective of this study was to compare a minimally‐invasive surgical technique (MIST) and a non‐incised papilla surgical approach (NIPSA) in periodontal reconstructive surgery of deep intraosseous defects. Methods Data on 30 patients with a deep intraosseous defect treated with MIST (n = 15) or NIPSA (n = 15) were analyzed retrospectively. All patients met the same inclusion criteria and were treated following the same protocol, except for the surgical management of soft tissue (MIST versus NIPSA). Clinical parameters at baseline and at 1‐year post‐surgery, early healing at 1 week, and postoperative pain were assessed. Results NIPSA and MIST resulted in significant clinical attachment gain (CAG) (P < 0.001) and probing depth reduction (PDr) (P < 0.001) at 1‐year post‐surgery. However, NIPSA resulted in significantly lower recession of the tip of the interdental papilla compared with MIST (P < 0.001). Smoking negatively influenced early healing in both techniques (P < 0.05). Conclusions NIPSA and MIST both resulted in significant improvements in clinical parameters. NIPSA showed significant soft tissue preservation. NIPSA may represent a promising papillae preservation technique in the treatment of intraosseous periodontal defects.

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