Rapid and sensitive method for determining free amino acids in honey by gas chromatography with flame ionization or mass spectrometric detection

Free Amino Acids Content of Honeys from Poland

“…Two heather honeys studied showed proline content higher than 300 mg/kg while another one of only 130 mg/kg. Other authors stated 280 mg/kg of proline in strawberry-tree honey [Spano et al, 2009] and 467 mg/kg in heather honey [Nozal et al, 2004]. Comparisons made above showed that proline content could not be a good indicator of the botanical origin of honey.…”

“…Melissopalinology has been in use for years but nowadays it is assumed that such a procedure has severe drawbacks [Nozal et al, 2004]. The most frequently aroma compounds, sugar profi le, fl avonoids pattern, organic acids, isotopic relations, protein and amino acid composition are analysed to characterise honey [Anklam, 1998;Bogdanov et al, 2004;Nozal et al, 2004;Wilczyńska, 2010].…”

Altered free amino acid levels in brain cortex tissues of mice with Alzheimer's disease as their N(O,S)-ethoxycarbonyl/tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives

“…Metabolic profiling analysis of multiple AAs require the use of high-resolution chromatography, mainly by high-resolution capillary gas chromatography (GC) (12)(13)(14)(15) and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence (7,10,16) or electrochemical detections (4,6,9,11,16). GC combined with mass spectrometry (MS) has been more preferred because of its inherent high resolving power, high sensitivity and positive peak confirmation.…”

The neurotoxin BMAA in aquatic systems : analysis, occurrence and effects

“…However, the retention times of these three amino acids have not been reported in [36]. Instead, they are taken from another study in which different conditions are used [170]. As different chromatographic conditions can lead to differences in retention times, the results of [170] cannot be extrapolated to [36].…”

“…Instead, they are taken from another study in which different conditions are used [170]. As different chromatographic conditions can lead to differences in retention times, the results of [170] cannot be extrapolated to [36]. Furthermore, it was stated that a GC-MS method developed by another group [169] might be too insensitive for BMAA detection, however only the LOD for the protein-bound fraction is referred to, and not the LOD for free BMAA, which was 50 times lower [169].…”