Background Recent studies suggest that cutaneous melanoma mortality rates in Spain are stabilizing and even decreasing in younger cohorts. Objectives To analyse mortality rates of melanoma from the last 40 years, focusing on changes related with the development of new therapeutic approaches. Methods Death records and mid‐year population data were collected from the National Statistics Institute. By using the direct method, age‐standardized mortality rates were calculated for overall population and for each sex and age group. Significant changes in mortality trends were identified by Joinpoint regressions. The independent effects of age, period and cohort (APC) and potential years of life lost (PYLL) due to melanoma were also analysed. Results Age‐standardized melanoma mortality rates rose in Spain from 0.78 to 2.13 deaths per 100 000 from the first to the last quinquennium of the study (1979–1983 to 2014–2018) for the overall population. After a marked increase until 1995, mortality rates levelled off. Following this stabilization, from 2015 to 2018 there was a decrease in mortality rates for the overall population (average annual per cent change (AAPC): −4.3, not significant), more accused in males over 64 years old (yo). A period effect was observed from the beginning of 21st century, with mortality rates dropping to date. Conclusions There is a decrease in melanoma mortality rates from 2015 in all age groups that confirms previous trends in mortality in younger cohorts. Improvement in diagnosis and development of new therapies for advanced melanoma may have a crucial role in this event. Close monitoring of melanoma mortality rates is necessary to confirm these trends.

Objective To analyse mortality rate trends in Spain for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer (OCOPC) from 1979 to 2018, evaluating differences between oral cavity cancer (OCC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Materials and Methods Death certificates and mid‐year population data were collected from the Spanish National Statistics Institute. Age‐standardized mortality rates were calculated using the direct method. Joinpoint regressions were used to identify significant changes in mortality trends. Independent effects of age, period and cohort (APC) were estimated. Results A total of 52,057 deaths were registered from OCOPC, 38,988 from OCC and 13,069 from OPC between 1979 and 2018. While OCC mortality rates declined, OCOPC rates increased slightly and OPC significantly. OCC and OPC mortality reached their highest values between 1979 and 1992, when OCC rates began to decrease in males and OPC levelled off until 2018. Lip cancer suffered the highest drop. APC models showed a mortality increase in males and females from 40 to 45 and 50 to 55 years of age, respectively. Conclusions Favourable OCC mortality trends was plausibly influenced by decreased tobacco/alcohol consumption, while OPC rise was probably associated with increased human papillomavirus infection. The importance of closely monitoring these cancers by age group, sex and location, and continuing with preventive measures against known risk factors, is highlighted.

Background Recent studies suggest that Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) mortality rates in Spain are decreasing. However, SLE mortality in Spain has been poorly studied. The purpose of study is to assess the temporal trends of mortality rates in the Spanish population with SLE from 1980 to 2018. Methods Death records and mid-year population data were collected from the National Statistics Institute. Age-standardized mortality rates were calculated for overall population and for each sex and age group. Significant changes in mortality trends were identified by Joinpoint regressions. Also, an Age-period-cohort (APC) and Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) analysis was carried out to know the burden of SLE disease. Results The overall SLE mortality rates in Spain has experimented an increased through the last 39 years. Mortality rates from the period 1980–1984 was 0.83 per 1.000.000 inhabitants, reaching the value to 1.77 cases per 1.000.000 from the period 2014–2018. A decreasing trend has been observed since 1999. Conclusions SLE mortality rate has increased in Spain between 1980 and 1999, with a sustained decrease up to our days.

Background Melanoma mortality rates are stabilizing and in certain regions and age groups are trending down. Although there are some studies that predict melanoma mortality in other countries, there are currently no studies that predict mortality in Spain in the coming years. The main aim of this study is to calculate melanoma mortality projections in Spain for the period 2019-2043.Methods This is a population-based ecological study that utilized information from the Spanish National Statistics Institute. Analysis included deaths as a result of cutaneous melanoma in Spain in the period 1979-2018, and data was analyzed according to gender and age group. Projections were made until 2043 in five-year periods, calculated in Nordpred (within the R software). Results Our estimates predict that in the period 2019-2043, there will be 30,477.9 deaths from melanoma in Spain, with the age group of >85 years being the group with the highest number of deaths. The expected average annual death rate for melanoma in both genders for the period 2019-2043 is 1,269.9 deaths / year. The predicted age-standardized mortality rates varied between 4.62/100.000 inhabitants in the 2019-2023 period and 3.94/ 100.000 inhabitants in the 2039-2043 period.Conclusions Overall mortality rate and age-standardized melanoma death rates in older people of both genders will increase in the coming years in Spain, while rates in younger people will stabilize or decrease progressively. In the coming years, prevention efforts should focus on the young, but the emphasis should also be on educating the elderly in early detection of melanoma.

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