Background: There is a growing evidence of the impact of the current European economic crisis on health. In Spain since 2008 there have been increasing levels of impoverishment and inequality, and important cuts in social services, including per capita spending on healthcare.
Aim:The objective is to evaluate the impact of the economic crisis on underweight at birth in Spain.
Results and conclusions:Results demonstrate a significant increase in the prevalence of underweight at birth as from 2008. All maternal-foetal categories were affected, including those which showed the lowest prevalence before the crisis. In the full adjusted logistic regression, year-on-year GDP per capita remains predictive on underweight at birth risk, in such a way that the fall in GDP between 2007 and 2012 determined an increase of the OR of underweight at birth by 6.63%. Previous trends in maternal socio-demographic profile and a direct impact of the crisis are discussed to explain the trends described.
Objecti¨es: To compare the tocolytic efficacy and maternal tolerance of nifedipine with ritodrine in the management of threatened preterm labor. Methods: Prospective randomized study of 52 singleton pregnancies with preterm labor between 26 and 34 week's gestation. The capacity to delay delivery 48 h, 7 days, until week 36 or until fetal weight reached 2500 g were the outcome variables assessed. Doppler ultrasound studies were performed on the fetal umbilical artery as control. Results: No significant differences were found in the delay of delivery, but significantly fewer maternal side-effects were found in the nifedipine group. Doppler ultrasound results were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Nifedipine is a valid and well-tolerated alternative among the tocolytic drugs, and apparently does not significantly alter fetal vascular blood flow. ᮊ 1998 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
The growth stress generated once grains coalesce in Volmer-Weber-type thin films is investigated by time-multiscale simulations comprising complementary modules of (i) finite-element modeling to address the interactions between grains happening at atomic vibration time scales ($ 0:1 ps), (ii) dynamic scaling to account for the surface stress relaxation via morphology changes at surface diffusion time scales ($ s-ms), and (iii) the mesoscopic rate equation approach to simulate the bulk stress relaxation at deposition time scales ($ sec-h). On the basis of addressing the main experimental evidence reported so far on the topic dealt with, the simulation results provide key findings concerning the interplay between anisotropic grain interactions at complementary space scales, deposition conditions (such as flux and mobility), and mechanisms of stress accommodation-relaxation, which underlies the origin, nature and spatial distribution, and the flux dependence of the postcoalescence growth stress.
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