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Resumen: Este trabajo intenta analizar, mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, las relaciones entre motivación autodeterminada, aburrimiento, disfrute y rendimiento en clase de Lengua. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 642 estudiantes de secundaria españoles, con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 18 años, que fueron evaluados en tres momentos sucesivos. Los resultados mostraron que la motivación intrínseca y la regulación identificada predijeron positivamente el disfrute y el rendimiento, y negativamente el aburrimiento; amotivación y regulación externa predijeron positivamente el aburrimiento y negativamente el disfrute y el rendimiento; la regulación introyectada mostró unos resultados menos concluyentes; aburrimiento y disfrute predijeron el rendimiento y mediaron las relaciones entre motivación autodeterminada y rendimiento. Se discuten los resultados y la importancia de la autodeterminación y las emociones académicas en el aula. Palabras clave: Autodeterminación; motivación; emociones académicas; resultados académicos; modelos estructurales.Title: Boredom and enjoyment in the Spanish language classroom in secondary education: Motivational predictors and effects on performance Abstract: The aim of this study was to undertake a structural equation modelling analysis of the relationship between self-determined motivation, boredom, enjoyment, and performance in the Spanish language classroom. The sample consisted of 642 Spanish secondary education students aged 12 to 18 years, who were assessed at 3 successive intervals. The results reveal that intrinsic motivation and identified regulation positively predicted enjoyment and performance, and negatively boredom; amotivation and external regulation positively predicted boredom, and negatively enjoyment and performance; introjected regulation, however, did not yield conclusive results; boredom and enjoyment predicted performance and mediated the relationships between self-determined motivation and performance. The results are discussed in terms of the significance of self-determination and emotions in academic settings. Key words: Self-determination; motivation; academic emotions; academic achievement; structural models. IntroducciónEn nuestras aulas, especialmente a partir de secundaria, no resulta extraño ver estudiantes que dormitan, bostezan, miran el reloj o simplemente se distraen mientras esperan que concluya una sesión de clase que les parece interminable. Por fortuna, en otros muchos casos un timbre sorprende a los alumnos anunciándoles el final de una clase que concluyó mucho antes de lo deseado. Éstos son sólo dos ejemplos que apoyan a diferentes autores (Ainley y Ainley, 2011; Meyer y Turner, 2007;Pekrun, Frenzel, Goetz y Perry, 2007) cuando afirman que las emociones influyen de manera importante sobre el aprovechamiento académico. También lo expresan dos informes recientes sobre la educación en España: así, Fernández, Mena y Riviere (2010) aseguran que el aburrimiento en las clases representa uno de los principales procesos que conduce al fracaso ...

Previous research has shown that perceived control, task value, behavioral engagement and disaffection are personal determinants of academic performance. However, little research has simultaneously examined these constructs in secondary education. The present study analyzed the structural relationships between these variables and the role of engagement and disaffection as mediators of control and value on performance. Participants were 446 students (51.3% girls) ranging in age from 12 to 16 years attending six Spanish compulsory secondary schools (from 7th to 10th grades). The variables were assessed over a nine-month period. Structural equation models results confirmed the hypotheses: control and value significantly predicted engagement, disaffection, and performance; engagement and disaffection predicted performance and partially mediated the effects from control and value on performance. Implications for psycho-educational theory and practice are discussed.

The present study examined the role of behavioral engagement and disaffection as mediators between self-determination and academic performance. Participants were 545 secondary students (53.4% girls) aged 12 to 19 years. Variables were assessed in the Spanish language classroom over a nine-month period. Students estimated their self-determination, and their teachers assessed student engagement, disaffection, and performance. Structural equation models corroborated the hypotheses: the types of self-determination differentially predicted engagement (R 2 = .39) and disaffection (R 2 = .24), and were progressively more adaptive the higher the autonomy; self-determination, behavioral engagement, and disaffection predicted performance (R 2 = .43); engagement and disaffection partially mediated the relationship from external regulation (β = -.097; p < .002; Confidence Interval = -.177, -.051), identified regulation (β = .109; p < .006; CI = .054, .165), and intrinsic motivation (β = .139; p < .002; CI = .086, .206) to performance. The implications of these findings for current theory and educational intervention are discussed.

The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between class-related anxiety with perceived control, teacher-reported behavioral engagement, behavioral disaffection, and academic performance. Participants were 355 compulsory secondary students (9th and 10th grades; Mean age = 15.2 years; SD = 1.8 years). Structural equation models revealed performance was predicted by perceived control, anxiety, disaffection, and engagement. Perceived control predicted anxiety, disaffection, and engagement. Anxiety predicted disaffection and engagement, and partially mediated the effects from control on disaffection (β = -.277, p < .005; CI = -.378, -.197) and engagement (β = .170, p < .002; CI = .103 .258). The negative association between anxiety and performance was mediated by engagement and disaffection (β = -.295, p < .002; CI = -.439, -.182). Anxiety, engagement, and disaffection mediated the effects of control on performance (β = .352, p < .003; CI = .279, .440). The implications of these results are discussed in the light of current theory and educational interventions.