Coping with assessment tests are known to generate anxiety frequently in the students who face them. In academic circumstances with the continued presence of emotional disturbance, high demand, and stress, emotional and physical fatigue, typical of burnout syndrome, and can be detected. Anxiety and burnout are related to each other and even more closely in high-stakes tests. One of these tests is the examination imposed in Spain for access to the university. The objective of this work is to analyze the presence of anxiety and burnout and the relationship between them in students who face these tests, both during the confinement situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic and during the pandemic after the lockdown. For this purpose, we used a sample of 1,021 students with a mean age of 17.89 (SD = 1.22, range 17–27). Of these, 866 (84.8%) were students who were taking the test, while the rest were university students who had passed it recently. Our results show high levels of anxiety and burnout in students who face the evaluation test during the COVID-19 pandemic, sustained over time and especially in comparison with students who had already taken the exam. The association between higher levels of anxiety and higher levels of burnout in the students who take these exams was also verified. These results link the relationship between these two variables more solidly and suggest the need to include address anxiety to reduce burnout levels in these students. The results are discussed with regard to prior evidence and their applications.

The principal aim of this study was to assess the level of selective attention and mental concentration before exams in a sample of university students and to determine a possible relationship between anxiety and reduction of levels of attention in this circumstance. A total of 403 university students, 176 men and 227 women, aged from 18 to 46 years, participated in the study. Of them, 169 were first-year undergraduates, 118 were second to fourth-year undergraduates and 116 were postgraduate Master's degree students. All of them completed the Spanish version of the Spielberger State-Anxiety Inventory and the D2 Attention Test just before taking an exam. Our results showed that participants with lower levels of anxiety had higher levels of selective attention and mental concentration before the exam. These results specifically indicate that when anxiety levels are very high, this could over-activate the orientating and alerting functions and to reduce the capacity of attentional control. These processes could have a negative impact on specific attentional processes and become a negative influence on performance in exams.

Meertens (1995). Nuestro objetivo es ofrecer un instrumento que permita diferenciar este tipo de valoraciones en la infancia, al tiempo que buscar, en esta población, datos que apoyen la diferenciación entre las dos formas de prejuicio racial que en la actualidad parecen tener mayor relevancia psico-social: el racismo manifiesto o abierto y el racismo sutil o encubierto. Se trabajo con 251 sujetos de edades comprendidas entre 12 y 14 años y en contextos educativos. Los resultados revelan, en primer lugar, la presencia de prejuicios raciales en este contexto, sobre todo en la modalidad sutil, así como diferencias relevantes según el sexo y edad en la muestra estudiada. Pero sobre todo se constata la fiabilidad de la versión infantil en castellano, así como la estructuración factorial y dimensional del instrumento, manifestándose éste como una escala útil para la determinación de valoraciones y sentimientos prejuiciosos en un contexto educativo actual cada vez más multicultural (

ResumenIntroducción. En la presente investigación descriptiva transversal se estudia la relación entre tres variables de carácter psicológico (ansiedad, depresión y atención), con el fin de analizar la posible asociación y el poder predictivo de las mismas sobre el rendimiento académico (expresado a través de las calificaciones escolares) en una muestra de estudiantes de enseñanzas medias.Método. Para ello se trabajó con una muestra de 98 estudiantes de edades comprendidas entre 12 y 16 años, escolarizados en dos centros académicos de la ciudad de Granada elegidos al azar.Resultados. Los resultados indican una asociación significativa entre depresión y ansiedad en los integrantes de la muestra, así como una asociación significativa inversa entre depresión y rendimiento académico. El análisis de diferencias de géneros, mostró diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres en la media global de la calificación académica (siendo superior en las mujeres que en los hombres) así como en depresión, siendo la sintomatología depresiva mayor en los niños. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en ansiedad ni en déficit de atención entre hombres y mujeres. El análisis de regresión señala igualmente que unos niveles moderados de ansiedad se asocian a mejor rendimiento académico, sin que se observe asociación entre esta variable y la atención selectiva.Discusión y Conclusión. Parece cobrar relevancia la atención a los niveles de sintomatología depresiva y alteración emocional en estudiantes de enseñanzas medias, ya que la detección precoz permitiría poner en marcha una adecuada atención y reducir la incidencia de estas variables sobre el fracaso académico o cuando menos, mejorar su rendimiento académico. AbstractIntroduction. In this transversal descriptive research we studied the relation between three

The goal of the present study is to explore the relation between parents' anxiety and cognitive representations of medication in pediatric treatment of their children, seeking possible differences as a function of gender and age. A total of 1,772 parents of children attended in primary pediatric health care centers of the public health care system of Andalusia, Spain participated in this study. Of the sample, 25.1% were men and 74.9% were women. Negative beliefs about medicines were found to be associated with higher levels of anxiety in parents during primary pediatric health care. Among the variables studied, the beliefs in medication abuse predicted higher levels of anxiety. Intervention initiatives could substantially improve patients and their relatives' well-being during pediatric consultation, adherence to treatment, and lastly general satisfaction. Findings are discussed with reference to other authors, clinical implications, and the need of future research.

This study explored the relation between parents' stress and satisfaction during children's hospitalization, seeking possible differences between immigrant and autochthonous population and also as a function of gender in a sample of parents of hospitalized children in Andalusia, Spain. A total of 1347 parents participated in this study. Of the sample, 50% were immigrants and the other 50% were autochthonous. The assessment instruments were the Hospitalization Stress Scale and the Satisfaction with Hospitalization Scale. The results show that stress was associated with the manifestations of the child's illness, the alteration of family life or of parental roles during the process and some aspects of the clinical staff's work. General satisfaction in immigrant parents was higher than in the autochthonous population and the levels of satisfaction were higher in men than in women. Small changes and initiatives in relation to care could substantially improve the satisfaction of patients and their relatives during the process of hospitalization.

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