RESUMOO artigo trata da mentalidade autoritária e de eficiência tradicionais no direito processual penal brasileiro, obstaculizando o princípio do estado de não culpabilidade, em especial na vertente nominada dever de tratamento do agente como não culpado e sua relação com a permissividade ou contenção das prisões cautelares. Promoveu-se a análise da evolução legislativa, doutrinária e jurisprudencial acerca das prisões cautelares no direito brasileiro, na investigação das estratégias manejadas pelos atores do sistema a conter ou viabilizar o exercício do poder punitivo. Avaliou-se, finalmente, o fraco poder de conformação do texto constitucional e de convenções internacionais de direitos humanos. PALAVRAS-CHAVES:prisão cautelar, presunção de inocência, sistema inquisitorial, dever de tratamento. CUSTODY AND PRESUMPTION OF GUILT: HISTORICAL NOTES ABOUT THIS DIALECTIC RELATION IN THE BRAZILIAN CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL LAW ABSTRACTThis his article proposes to test the authoritarian mentality and efficiency in Brazilian Criminal Law tradition, hindering the state ruling of guilt, especially concerning the so-called duty of treating the agent as not guilty and its relation with custody"s indulgency of restraint. We performed an assessment on the evolution of the legislative, doctrinal and jurisprudential treatments regardind custody in the Brazilian Law, as a comprehensive mechanism of strategies taken by the parts involved in holding or enabling the exercise of punitive power. Finally, was examined the conformance power of the constitutional text and international human rights conventions.
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