Using Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) in higher education poses new challenges that include the following: an increase in the number of students taught by one teacher, which makes it difficult to individualize the tasks, the easy access to other students' answers due to the social media, the lower engagement of students when studying online. In the situation of the complete transition to e-education due to the 2020 pandemic, teachers were forced to solve these problems in the electronic environment. This article presents the case of enriching the online Philosophy course given to students of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University by creating new assignments in various forms: video blogging, multimedia projects and in-depth study of philosophical texts. In this respect, the current situation becomes advantageous and allows the lecturers to achieve better results due to the availability of all ideas and experiences and the collaborative activities of the students. The variety of approaches used in studying the Philosophy course confirms the important role of the teacher in e-learning.
The paper is devoted to the solution of two well-known paradoxes of inductive logic: Hempel’s and Goodman’s, which the science has not solved unambiguously yet. The results of this research can be used in any natural science, but they are especially relevant for areas where there is an emphasis placed on environmental friendliness and sustainable development. The central problem of this research is the problem of limits of applying classical logic laws. The problem is solved by method of reduction of logical laws to those cases where they, according to Aristotle, act faultlessly, and refusal of their recognition in the cases where their action is questionable. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the solution of both problems within Aristotle’s logic. In that regard, the following results are received: common faults of previous solutions of Hempel’s paradox, consisting in ignoring any of its parties, are revealed; the original nature of Goodman’s paradox, consisting in wrong interpreting “inductive confirmation” criteria is opened; two methods of forming and assessing the subject volumes of statements are revealed: analytical and synthetical ones; it is proved that the theses treated in Hempel’s paradox as equivalent ones are not always so, but only on condition of their subjects’ reality and of their subject volumes’ identity; it is established that the conditions of the statement equivalence correspond to the limits of applying logic laws in Aristotle’s interpretation.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.