A segmentation and hierarchical classification approach applied to QuickBird multispectral satellite data was implemented, with the goal of delineating residential land use polygons and identifying low and high socio-economic status of neighbourhoods within Accra, Ghana. Two types of object-based classification strategies were tested, one based on spatial frequency characteristics of multispectral data, and the other based on proportions of Vegetation-Impervious-Soil sub-objects. Both approaches yielded residential land-use maps with similar overall percentage accuracy (75%) and kappa index of agreement (0.62) values, based on test objects from visual interpretation of QuickBird panchromatic imagery.
Three titanosilicate zeolites were used as fillers for Mixed Matrix Membranes: (i) ETS-10, (ii) TS-1 having Si/Ti = 100 and (iii) TS-1 using Si/Ti = 25. Zeolite samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and CO2 and CH4 adsorption isotherms. TS-1 particles showed a narrow size distribution ranging from 200 nm to 400 nm. In the case of ETS-10, the size distribution was broader ranging from 400 nm to 800 nm. Mixed Matrix Membranes were prepared using Matrimid ® polyimide as continuous phase and filler loadings of 10, 20, and 30 wt.%. Membranes were characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The performances was measured at 8 bars of transmembrane pressure for CO2/CH4 mixed gases system at 50/50 vol./vol. concentration. Membranes using TS-1 (Si/Ti = 25) as filler showed a maximum increase of 89.1% of CO2 permeability and 23.9% increase in separation factor. In the case of TS-1 (Si/Ti = 100) only permeability increased significantly, with a maximum increase of 90.1%. Regarding the ETS-10 membranes, both permeability and separation factor increased slightly with respect to the reference polymeric membrane (22.5% in CO2 permeability and 7.8% in the separation factor). In conclusion, TS-1 (Si/Ti = 25) is the most suitable filler for the use in Mixed Matrix Membranes for gas separation applications among the titanosilicate studied in this work.
The magnetic behavior of a unique sample of Cu 97.5 Co 2.5 is shown to vary from spin-glass-like, in the as-spun state, towards that of a noninteracting nanoparticle ensemble after sequential annealing treatments. This result is explained by specifically considering the role of the remaining copper-cobalt solid solution regions. In particular a progressive cobalt depletion of the nanoparticle surroundings seems to affect the effectiveness of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction mechanism between the Co-rich particles. The presented explanation may also be of help in understanding the magnetic properties of other metallic alloys much beyond the copper-cobalt case.
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