We have examined the N-glycans present during the developmental stages of Caenorhabditis elegans using two approaches, 1) a combination of permethylation followed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) and 2) derivatization with 2-aminobenzamide followed Pc 2 Hex 4 HexNAc 3 , from Dauer larvae, when subjected to PSD MS analyses, showed Pc may substitute both core and terminally linked GlcNAc; no such structure has previously been reported in any organism. C. elegans-specific fucosyl and native methylated glycans were found in all developmental stages. Taken together, the above results demonstrate that in-depth investigation of the role of the above N-glycans during C. elegans development should lead to a better understanding of their significance and the ways that they may govern interactions, both within the organism during development and between the mobile nematode and its pathogens.

srf-3 is a mutant of C. elegans that is resistant to infection by

The biosynthesis in vitro of phosphorylcholine oligosaccharides in Caenorhabditis elegans has been investigated. Here we show that extracts of C. elegans' microsomes transfer phosphorylcholine from L-␣-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine to hybrid and complex type N-linked oligosaccharides containing mannose residues disubstituted with N-acetylglucosamine. The reaction products are consistent with structures reported for C. elegans as well those found in the filarial nematodes Acanthocheilonema viteae, Onchocerca volvulus, and Brugia malayi, strongly supporting the concept that the phosphorylcholine oligosaccharide biosynthetic enzymes are conserved in this group of organisms. Because it is thought that phosphorylcholine substitution of oligosaccharides modulates host immune response in filarial infections, this in vitro system may help in gaining an understanding of the basis for this response.

Today, model based simulation is a popular scheme for simulating real world events. There has been some effort to use the same models that have been developed for simulation purposes for control applications. This approach permits model reuse and reliability for critical embedded control applications. In this paper a simulation model of an autonomous robot has been used to control a simulated reconnaissance vehicle on battle field. Since it is very costly to construct a real battle field situation and to verify the performance of military devices, model continuity from simulation to embedded control is a cost-effective and easy process for developing military applications. We have used DEVS (Discrete EVent System specification) formalism to define the robotic vehicle model and conducted variety of tests by simulation variety of scenarios. The final model has been embedded on a tank shaped robot.