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The purpose of this article is to describe acute complications associated with adhesive cyanoacrylate deposition in the peripheral circulation and their management. Despite best efforts, n-butyl cyanoacrylate glue embolization is inherently unpredictable and complications do occur. An understanding of preparation techniques that minimize adverse event rates and the technical skillset required to manage complications are necessary for the safe and efficient use of liquid embolic agents.

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veal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor in adults with an incidence of 5.1 cases per million in the United States (1-3). Up to 50% of patients with UM develop metastatic disease (3). The liver is the primary site of metastasis in greater than 90% of patients, and less than 10% of patients are candidates for surgical resection due to multiplicity of tumors at the time of diagnosis (3). Currently, there are no effective systemic therapies for patients with metastatic UM. In general, without treatment, median overall survival (OS) following detection of hepatic metastases is reportedly less than 6 months, with a 1-year survival of 10%-15% (3). Most commonly, patient death is due to growth of hepatic metastases ultimately leading to hepatic failure. Therefore, stabilization of liver metastases is essential to prolonging OS for patients with metastatic UM. Transarterial catheter-directed therapies used to control the growth of UM hepatic metastases include immunoembolization, chemoembolization, and percutaneous hepatic perfusion (4-15). A few retrospective studies have also reported encouraging results following radioembolization (RE) of UM hepatic metastases (4-7). In 2009, a small multicenter trial reported a 1-year survival of 80% for patients with UM treated with RE (4). In 2011, a median OS of 10.0 months was reported for patients treated with RE following failure of both immunoembolization and chemoembolization (5). In addition, a larger retrospective trial reported a median OS of 12.3 months following RE of 71 patients with UM hepatic metastases (6). The purpose of our study was

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Thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and iliac veins, known as iliocaval thrombosis, is a common cause of significant morbidity. Patients with chronic iliocaval obstruction often present with life-limiting occlusive symptoms secondary to recurrent lower extremity deep venous thrombosis, swelling, pain, venous stasis ulcers, or phlegmasia. Endovascular iliocaval reconstruction is a technically successful procedure that results in favorable clinical outcomes and stent patency rates with few complications and is often able to relieve debilitating symptoms in affected patients. This review presents an approach to endovascular iliocaval stent reconstruction in patients suffering from chronic iliocaval thrombosis, including background, patient selection, timing of intervention, procedural steps, technical considerations, patient follow-up, and a brief review of outcomes. Schematic illustrations and clinical cases outlining iliocaval stent reconstruction and crossing chronic venous occlusions have been provided.