Surface sediment quality of potential rivers in Peru was evaluated using indicators of contamination, accumulation and ecological risk of heavy metals and As. Surface sediment samples were collected at 54 sampling sites in the Tishgo and Chia rivers during 2018. The determination of Cu, Pb, Zn and As was performed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed the decreasing order of the mean concentrations of heavy metals and As in the Chia River of Zn > Cu > As > Pb and Tishgo of Zn > Pb > As > Cu. The PLI for the Tishgo River were greater than one (PLI > 1) denoting the deterioration it has been experiencing. In the Chia River, 60% of the sampling sites indicated no appreciable contamination by these elements (PLI < 1). The I geo values of As in both rivers showed a state of contamination, from moderately to severely contaminated. In the Tishgo River the potential ecological risk varied from low to moderate and in the Chia River from low to considerable. Finally, this study reveals the applicability of the evaluation indexes of contamination, accumulation and potential ecological risk of toxic metals so that special control measures can be adopted.
En este folleto se presentan las definiciones de fitorremediación (remediación con plantas) y biorremediación (remediación con otros organismos vivos), como una estrategia de mitigación que permite reducir la concentración de metales pesados en suelos y/o aguas contaminadas. Se explica qué son los metales pesados y sus impactos en la salud humana. Se dan algunas definiciones útiles para comprender los mecanismos de fitorremediación y formas de medirlo, así como elementos que potencian su capacidad de remediación. También se incluye una lista de especies de plantas altoandinas con potencial fitorremediador y los temas que desde el INAIGEM se está trabajando.
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