Assessment of toxic metal contamination, distribution and risk in the sediments from lagoons used for fish farming in the central region of Peru

Custodio, María; Espinoza, Ciro; Orellana, Edith; Chanamé, Fernán; Fow, Anthony; Peñaloza, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.07.016

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Modified degree of contamination (mCd) is a global contamination index that evaluates the degree of contamination of sediments, integrating all the toxic metals evaluated in the ecosystem [ 33 ]. mCd quantifies the absolute degree of contamination in a soil sample by dividing the sum of the contamination factors (Cf) of selected metals by the total number of measured metals (n).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Dust in Vilnius Schools: Source Identification, Pollution Levels, and Potential Health Risks for Children

Unsal,

Ignatavičius,

Valiulis

et al. 2024

Toxics

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The main objective of this study is to thoroughly evaluate the diversity and sources of heavy metals in the school environment. Specifically, this study examines the presence of heavy metals in the dust found and collected from 24 schools in Vilnius. Employing hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and positive matrix factorization, we identified combustion-related activities as primary contributors to elevated metal concentrations, notably zinc, scandium, and copper, with PM2.5/PM10 ratios indicating a combustion source. They reveal significant differences in the levels of elements such as arsenic (4.55–69.96 mg/kg), copper (51.28–395.37 mg/kg), zinc, and lead, which are affected by both local environmental factors and human activities. Elevated pollution levels were found in certain school environments, indicating environmental degradation. Pollution assessment and specific element pairings’ strong positive correlations suggested shared origins or deposition processes. While this study primarily assesses non-carcinogenic risks to children based on a health risk assessment model, it acknowledges the well-documented carcinogenic potential of substances such as lead and arsenic. The research emphasizes the immediate necessity for efficient pollution management in educational environments, as indicated by the elevated hazard index for substances such as lead and arsenic, which present non-carcinogenic risks to children. This research offers important insights into the composition and origins of dust pollution in schools. It also promotes the need for broader geographic sampling and prolonged data collection to improve our understanding of pollution sources, alongside advocating for actionable strategies such as environmental management and policy reforms to effectively reduce exposure risks in educational settings. Furthermore, it aims to develop specific strategies to safeguard the health of students in Vilnius and similar urban areas.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The modified degree of contamination (mCd) is categorized into different levels of contamination: uncontaminated to very low (mCd ≤ 1.5), low (1.5 < mCd ≤ 2), moderate (2 < mCd ≤ 4), high (4 < mCd ≤ 8), very high (8 < mCd ≤ 16), extremely high (16 < mCd ≤ 32), and ultra-high (mCd > 32) [ 33 ].

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Dust in Vilnius Schools: Source Identification, Pollution Levels, and Potential Health Risks for Children

Unsal,

Ignatavičius,

Valiulis

et al. 2024

Toxics

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“…where C n is the measured concentration of heavy metal (n) in soil samples, whereas B n is the geochemical background value of element (n) in average shale. To take into consideration both minor anthropogenic influences and naturally occurring oscillations brought on by lithogenic processes, a background matrix adjustment factor of 1.5 was selected [37][38][39].…”

Section: Quantification Of Soil Enrichment By Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A modified degree of contamination (mCd) is calculated by summing up all contamination factors for each metal detected divided by the number of hazardous metals found in the study site and indicates the quality of the soil. The soil considered uncontaminated if mCd ≤ 1.5, low contaminated if 1.5 < mCd ≤ 2, moderately contaminated if 2 < mCd ≤ 4, highly contaminated if 4 < mCd ≤ 8, very highly polluted if 8 < mCd ≤ 16, extremely contaminated if 16 < mCd ≤ 32 and ultra-highly polluted if mCd > 32 [39]. In our case, the value of mCd is mCd = (0.58 × 1.01 × 0.08 × 0.95 × 1.01 × 1.18 × 1.21 × 0.2)/8 = 0.664.…”

Section: Calculations Of Integrated Indices (Mcd Pli Peri and Ni)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Risk Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Soils near a Water Dam in Baljurashi, KSA, and Their Accumulation in Dodonaea viscosa

Al-Robai

2023

Sustainability

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Soil’s contamination with heavy metals is a serious issue, and assessing their levels, regulating their sources, and finding cost-effective technology to limit their toxic effect and soil cleanup are of high priority. The focus of this study was to find out the extent of priority hazard heavy metal contamination in soils close to the Al-Janabeen water reservoir dam in Baljurashi, KSA, and the extent of their accumulation in the Dodonaea viscosa Tacq plant. Soil and plant samples were analyzed for heavy metal concentration using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICPS). Quantitative single and integrated contamination indices were used to characterize and evaluate the degree of heavy metal contamination in soils. The biological concentration factor (BCF) and the translocation factor (TF) were utilized to determine the extent of transfer and accumulation of heavy metals in the D. viscosa plant. Soil analysis showed the presence of Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, and Pb among the prioritized heavy metals with Cu, Zn, and Pb values being higher than those in natural background levels. The mean concentration order was Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cr > Co. The single contamination indices’ quantification indicated marked contamination due to Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, and Pb elements. While integrated contamination factors’ computation showed low ecological risk due to accumulative metals of concern, Nemerow’s index (NI) showed that Cu, Zn, and Pb were the three most abundant pollutants in the examined soils. Analysis of plant parts showed the presence of Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, Cr, Cd, and Pb at varying quantities in various plant sections. Both BCF and TF factors were less than one, indicating that the D. viscosa plant was limited in its ability to phytoextract and accumulate the metals from the soil. This study suggests more research to locate suitable native plants for phytoremediation and soil cleaning is required in addition to the appropriate planning and management of landfills in order to ensure agricultural sustainability.

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“…Although human exposure to toxic amounts of certain metals, such as arsenic, has existed since pre-industrial times in the region [ 23 ], recent studies [ 24 , 25 ] suggest that mining operations are increasing this exposure in the Peruvian Andes. In addition to impacts on commercialization and export [ 26 ], this exerts ecotoxicological effects as discussed by Herrera-Perez and Mendez [ 27 ], Custodio et al [ 28 , 29 ], Molloy et al [ 30 ], Weinhouse et al [ 25 ], and Gerson et al [ 31 ]. Despite a trending increase in research, as documented in Figure 1 and Table S1 (a total of 52 Peruvian studies related to bioaccumulation published in the English scientific literature), these studies have not incorporated a wealth of local knowledge and findings published in Spanish, providing motivation to conduct a national analysis that compiles and synthesizes this knowledge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation in Peruvian Food and Medicinal Products

Tejada-Purizaca,

Garcia-Chevesich,

Ticona-Quea

et al. 2024

Foods

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To better query regional sources of metal(loid) exposure in an under-communicated region, available scientific literature from 50 national universities (undergraduate and graduate theses and dissertations), peer-reviewed journals, and reports published in Spanish and English were synthesized with a focus on metal(loid) bioaccumulation in Peruvian food and medicinal products utilized locally. The study considered 16 metal(loid)s that are known to exert toxic impacts on humans (Hg, Al, Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Sn, Ni, Ag, Pb, Se, Tl, Ti, and U). A total of 1907 individual analyses contained within 231 scientific publications largely conducted by Peruvian universities were analyzed. These analyses encompassed 239 reported species classified into five main food/medicinal groups—plants, fish, macroinvertebrates and mollusks, mammals, and “others” category. Our benchmark for comparison was the World Health Organization (Codex Alimentarius) standards. The organisms most frequently investigated included plants such as asparagus, corn, cacao, and rice; fish varieties like trout, tuna, and catfish; macroinvertebrates and mollusks including crab and shrimp; mammals such as alpaca, cow, chicken eggs, and milk; and other categories represented by propolis, honey, lichen, and edible frog. Bioaccumulation-related research increased from 2 to more than 25 publications per year between 2006 and 2022. The results indicate that Peruvian food and natural medicinal products can have dangerous levels of metal(loid)s, which can cause health problems for consumers. Many common and uncommon food/medicinal products and harmful metals identified in this analysis are not regulated on the WHO’s advisory lists, suggesting the urgent need for stronger regulations to ensure public safety. In general, Cd and Pb are the metals that violated WHO standards the most, although commonly non-WHO regulated metals such as Hg, Al, As, Cr, and Ni are also a concern. Metal concentrations found in Peru are on many occasions much higher than what has been reported elsewhere. We conclude that determining the safety of food/medicinal products is challenging due to varying metal concentrations that are influenced not only by metal type but also geographical location. Given the scarcity of research findings in many regions of Peru, urgent attention is required to address this critical knowledge gap and implement effective regulatory measures to protect public health.

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Assessment of toxic metal contamination, distribution and risk in the sediments from lagoons used for fish farming in the central region of Peru

Cited by 18 publications

References 62 publications

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Dust in Vilnius Schools: Source Identification, Pollution Levels, and Potential Health Risks for Children

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Dust in Vilnius Schools: Source Identification, Pollution Levels, and Potential Health Risks for Children

Ecological Risk Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Soils near a Water Dam in Baljurashi, KSA, and Their Accumulation in Dodonaea viscosa

Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation in Peruvian Food and Medicinal Products

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