Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) can be defined as an infection that is present up to 30 days after a surgical procedure if no implants are placed and up to one year if an implantable device was placed in the patient. SSI is a significant problem associated with major surgeries and is the 3rd most frequently reported nosocomial infection. This study aims to study the prevalence of SSI in the Department of Surgery, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi.Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken at the Department of General Surgery for a period of one year. Retrospective chart review was conducted from the hospital database. The rate of SSI was studied in relation to its type, the type of surgical procedure and elective vs emergency surgeries.Results: The present study revealed 12.5% prevalence of SSI in Department of General Surgery, RIMS. Among the 3 types, superficial incision SSI was most prevalent followed by deep incisional SSI and finally by organ/space SSI. The surgical procedure most commonly associated with SSI was exploratory laparotomy. An alarming 17.7% of SSI was associated with emergency surgeries as compared to 12.5% of elective surgeries.Conclusions: The consequences of SSIs greatly impact patients and the healthcare systems. Prevention of SSI requires a multifaceted approach targeting pre-, intra-, and postoperative factors. It is imperative that facilities have open-minded management teams, regulatory agencies and medical associations that want to provide the foundation required to generate a culture of patient safety in our health care systems.

Background and aim The management of the worldwide spreading COVID-19 consists of amelioration of its symptoms but no cure is yet available. Herbal medicines supplemented with the Western medicine have been applied for COVID-19 treatment in India, China, Iran, and other countries. This systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs evaluates the effect and safety of herbal intervention in the management of COVID-19. Experimental procedure RCTs from databases like PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Science Direct, CTRI, AYUSH Research Portal, India, were reviewed and the data were extracted for study sample demographics, intervention details, clinical effect, inflammatory markers and safety monitoring. Outcomes were expressed as Risk-ratio (RR) with 95% CI for dichotomous data, and Mean-Difference (MD) with 95% CI for continuous data. Result and conclusion From the 32 eligible studies, a total of 3177 COVID-19 patients were included in the review. Herbal intervention as an adjuvant to Western medicine causes significantly higher improvement compared to Western medicine alone [Fever (RR = 1.09 CI 1.03, 1.15), Cough (Risk-Ratio = 1.22 CI 1.08, 1.37), Fatigue (Risk-Ratio = 1.27 CI 1.11, 1.44), Chest CT Improvement (Risk-Ratio = 1.15 CI 1.08, 1.23)]. The laboratory parameters were also better in the herbal medicine group compared to standard care group only WBC (MD = 0.36 CI 0.16, 0.55), Lymphocyte percentage (MD = 5.48 CI 3.05, 7.92), Absolute lymphocyte count (MD = 0.23 CI 0.07, 0.39), CRP (MD = −5.66 CI -7.96, −3.37). However, duration of hospital stays (MD = −1.82 CI -3.84, 0.21); IL-6 (MD = −3.67 CI -8.76, 1.43), ESR Level (MD = −10.38 CI -25.96, 5.21) were statistically insignificant. No significant adverse events for herbal medications were noted in the included RCTs, during the time of the studies. (n = 665, RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.76, 1.14).

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs of cardiovascular surgery patients. Second, the awareness of cardiovascular surgery patients regarding the association between oral health and heart disease was considered.MethodsAssessment of oral health status, oral hygiene practices and treatment needs of 106 hospitalized patients in preparation for cardiovascular surgery. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire designed for this study and oral examination was carried out by a dentist.ResultsThe oral hygiene practices of the study cohort were not up to the standard. Patients' awareness of infective endocarditis was poor. Approximately 68% patients experienced dental caries as decayed teeth or missing teeth due to caries and filled teeth. The mean plaque index in the study group was 1.25. In this study cohort, the mean probing depth of periodontal pockets was 5.7±1.3, whereas the mean number of teeth with periodontal pockets > 6 mm was 0.5±0.9. A total of 84 (74.2%) of the patients required dental treatment.ConclusionThe principal finding in this study was that patients with heart disease had poor oral health. This study also highlights the importance of better interaction among all healthcare professionals to integrate oral health as part of comprehensive inpatient healthcare.

The article describes a case of aplastic anemia in a 44-year-old male patient which presented as spontaneous bleeding of gums. Though bleeding of gums is a very common complaint encountered in a dental clinic, bleeding of gums due to systemic causes is an infrequent finding. Patient from blood dyscrasias may present in a dental office with bleeding of gums as sole or the first complaint. The acknowledgment of the patients underlying condition is the responsibility of the dentist for pertinent referral and further management. ª 2015 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Neurogenic neoplasms presenting as parotid gland tumors are extremely uncommon. We present the case of a solitary neurofibroma of the facial nerve within the parotid gland occurring in a 36-year-old male who presented with a painless enlargement in the right-side region of the parotid gland over a period of 1 year with normal facial nerve function. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-demarcated round mass within the right parotid. At surgery, a tumor was found involving the main trunk of the facial nerve, histopathologically representing a neurofibroma.

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