Mastitis is characterized by increase of somatic cell counts (SCC) in secreted milk, local inflammation associated with swelling, heat, pain, redness of the udder, and abnormal looking milk. The problem continues to remain highly prevalent in high yielders and causes significant economic losses to the farmers. The present study was carried out for one year in small holder dairy farms in the suburban villages of Bhubaneswar city. A total of 1024 cows, each with yield record of minimum seven litres milk per day, belonging to 398 farmers, were recruited for the study. A total of 4094 quarter milk samples from 1024 lactating cows were screened for mastitis. The overall prevalence of mastitis, subclinical and clinical mastitis in current study was 41.1%, 32.8% and 8.3%, respectively.The prevalence of subclinical and clinical mastitis in Holstein Friesian cross was 38.8% and 11.9%, respectively. The highest prevalence was recorded in cows aged more than 7years. The parity number was an important risk factor as mastitis was more common in the animals with increasing parity number. The incidence of mastitis increased with higher hygiene score. A total of 422 pooled milk samples showed bacterial growth and 417 (98.63%) bacterial isolates could be identified, either as single (94.50%) or mixed (1.37%) infection. The most common bacterial cause of infectious SCM was Staphylococcus species constituting 55.4% of infections.The highest degree of antimicrobial sensitivity was recorded for marbofloxacin (98.88%). The outcome of the present study may facilitate the mastitis control by developing specific strategies to reduce cost of treatment and antibiotics overuse, and to enhance food safety and public health.
A total of 240 subjects of different age groups were studied for detection of early atherosclerotic risk by measuring their Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) and Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) with the help of Vascular Profiler (VP-1000). It is a non invasive, vascular screening device for early detection of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis using "Waveform Analysis and Vascular Evaluation" WAVE Technology. The VP 1000 assesses arteriosclerosis by PWVan index of arterial wall stiffness and by ABI an index to assess arterial occlusion by a single operation and displays the results in a two-dimensional graph. Statistical analysis of the data, obtained was done to evaluate the association between different parameters. In our study, statistically significant changes have been observed in PWV values in Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) and Non Ischaemic Heart Disease (Non IHD) group (P Value 0.003). There were no statistically significant changes in the value of ABI in IHD and non IHD groups.
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